Impact of Biodiesel Fuels on Air Quality and Human Health: Summary Report; September 16, 1999--January 31, 2003

Morris, Robert E.; Pollack, Alison K.; Mansell, Gerard E.; Lindhjem, Christian E.; Jia, Yiwang; Wilson, G.

doi:10.2172/15003890

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Health risks from DEE were assessed for inhabitants of the “South Coast Air Basin” in southern California ( Morris et al, 2003 ). The alteration of health risk by use of B20 was calculated based on “Unit Risk Factors” of the following six exhaust components: benzene, 1,3-butadiene, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, standard diesel particles and B20 diesel particles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential hazards associated with combustion of bio-derived versus petroleum-derived diesel fuel

Bünger

Krahl

Schröder

et al. 2012

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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Fuels from renewable resources have gained worldwide interest due to limited fossil oil sources and the possible reduction of atmospheric greenhouse gas. One of these fuels is so called biodiesel produced from vegetable oil by transesterification into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). To get a first insight into changes of health hazards from diesel engine emissions (DEE) by use of biodiesel scientific studies were reviewed which compared the combustion of FAME with common diesel fuel (DF) for legally regulated and non-regulated emissions as well as for toxic effects. A total number of 62 publications on chemical analyses of DEE and 18 toxicological in vitro studies were identified meeting the criteria. In addition, a very small number of human studies and animal experiments were available. In most studies, combustion of biodiesel reduces legally regulated emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter. Nitrogen oxides are regularly increased. Among the non-regulated emissions aldehydes are increased, while polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are lowered. Most biological in vitro assays show a stronger cytotoxicity of biodiesel exhaust and the animal experiments reveal stronger irritant effects. Both findings are possibly caused by the higher content of nitrogen oxides and aldehydes in biodiesel exhaust. The lower content of PAH is reflected by a weaker mutagenicity compared to DF exhaust. However, recent studies show a very low mutagenicity of DF exhaust as well, probably caused by elimination of sulfur in present DF qualities and the use of new technology diesel engines. Combustion of vegetable oil (VO) in common diesel engines causes a strongly enhanced mutagenicity of the exhaust despite nearly unchanged regulated emissions. The newly developed fuel “hydrotreated vegetable oil” (HVO) seems to be promising. HVO has physical and chemical advantages compared to FAME. Preliminary results show lower regulated and non-regulated emissions and a decreased mutagenicity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential hazards associated with combustion of bio-derived versus petroleum-derived diesel fuel

Bünger

Krahl

Schröder

et al. 2012

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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“…For example, Morris et al . reported that 100% biodiesel (B100) produces 13 wt % more NOx and 55.3 wt % less PM than regular diesel, while 5% lower NOx was produced from biodiesel than from regular diesel in Qi et al . .…”

Section: Biodiesel Feed Stock and Emission Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trend of biodiesel feedstock and its impact on biodiesel emission characteristics

Kim

Hanifzadeh

Kumar

2017

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

104

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Feedstock for biodiesel production has changed over time and it varies depending on regions. Reports and journal articles on biodiesel feedstock resources over the last decade from 2006 to 2016 were reviewed in this article. The regional trends still maintain as the USA and the EU still predominantly use soybean oil and rapeseed oil, respectively, and palm oil is the major source of biodiesel in Asia. It is expected that the food‐crop based biodiesel will continue to be dominant for the next decade. However, it was found that uses of animal fats and used cooking oil are increasing both in the USA and the EU. Because of the increasing diversity in feedstock inputs to biodiesel, it is necessary to better understand the effects of feedstock characteristics on engine performance and emissions. In this review, we limit the reports on biodiesel emissions to those who used 100% biodiesel combusted in a one‐cylinder, four‐stroke, direct injection engine set up in a laboratory. All the emission results were obtained from the same or similar engine conditions to fairly compare them. CO, CO2, NOx, and PM emissions are compared between the biodiesels derived from soybean oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil, jatropha oil, used cooking oil, animal fats, and algal oil. It was found that more emission studies are needed for algal biodiesel. More in‐depth studies are necessary for PM characteristics including the compositions of trace metals, elemental and organic carbon. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 7–19, 2018

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“…The summary report given by NREL stated that the maximum estimated increase and decrease in daily maximum 1hour or 8-hour ozone concentrations due to the use of either a 100% or 50% penetration of a B20 fuel in the HDDV fleet in any of the areas studied is +0.26 ppb and -1.20 ppb for 1-hour ozone and the 100% B20 fuel scenario. As the maximum ozone increase (+0.26 ppb) is well below 1 ppb, the use of biodiesel is estimated to have no measurable adverse impact on 1hour or 8-hour ozone attainment in Southern California and the Eastern United States (Morris et al, 2003). The mass concentration of the particles/smoke decreased up to 33% when the engine burned 100% biodiesel as fuel, compared to the 100% petroleum diesel (Zou and Atkinson, 2003).…”

Section: Atmospheric Pollution Reduction By Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existing engines can use 20% biodiesel blend without any modification and reduction in torque output (Vasudevan et al, 2005). The use of a B20 fuel in the HDDV fleet is estimated to reduce the per million risk of premature death due to exposure to air toxics in the SoCAB region of southern California by approximately 2% and 5% respectively (Table 8) for the 50% and 100% HDDV fleet penetration of B20 biodiesel in the HDDV fleet emission scenarios calculated with no indoor/outdoor (I/O) effects and accounting for I/O effects on an annual average and hourly basis, (Morris et al, 2003 Table 8. Average risk (out of a million) of premature death for the standard diesel base case and the 50% and 100% penetration of B20 biodiesel in the HDDV fleet emission scenarios Scientific research confirms that biodiesel exhaust has a less harmful impact on human health than petroleum diesel fuel.…”

Section: Biodiesel and Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Quality and Biofuels

Prasad¹,

Dhanya²

2011

Environmental Impact of Biofuels

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Impact of Biodiesel Fuels on Air Quality and Human Health: Summary Report; September 16, 1999--January 31, 2003

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Potential hazards associated with combustion of bio-derived versus petroleum-derived diesel fuel

Potential hazards associated with combustion of bio-derived versus petroleum-derived diesel fuel

Trend of biodiesel feedstock and its impact on biodiesel emission characteristics

Air Quality and Biofuels

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