Impact of biomass burning on ocean water quality in Southeast Asia through atmospheric deposition: eutrophication modeling

Sundarambal, P.; Tkalich, Pavel; Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar

doi:10.5194/acp-10-11337-2010

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…This effect could follow, as reported for elsewhere in the tropics (Sigha-Nkamdjou et al 2003;Baker et al 2006;Sundarambal et al 2010;Chen et al 2010), from the incidence of burning during the dry season (mainly done during March). Alternately, the seasonal difference could be by dilution owing to larger volume of more frequent rain during the wet season; we found, however, no relationship of concentrations and previous rain events (data not shown).…”

Section: Nutrients In Rainfallsupporting

confidence: 73%

Deforestation of watersheds of Panama: nutrient retention and export to streams

et al. 2013

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A series of eight watersheds on the Pacific coast of Panama where conversion of mature lowland wet forest to pastures by artisanal burning provided watershed-scale experimental units with a wide range of forest cover (23, 29, 47, 56, 66, 73, 73, 91, and 92 %). We used these watersheds as a landscape-scale experiment to assess effects of degree of deforestation on within-watershed retention and hydrological export of atmospheric inputs of nutrients. Retention was estimated by comparing rainfall nutrient concentrations (volume-weighted to allow for evapotranspiration) to concentrations in freshwater reaches of receiving streams. Retention of rain-derived nutrients in these Panama watersheds averaged 77, 85, 80, and 62 % for nitrate, ammonium, dissolved organic N, and phosphate, respectively. Retention of rain-derived inorganic nitrogen, however, depended on watershed cover: retention of nitrate and ammonium in pasturedominated watersheds was 95 and 98 %, while fully forested watersheds retained 65 and 80 % of atmospheric nitrate and ammonium inputs. Watershed forest cover did not affect retention of dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphate. Exports from more forested watersheds yielded DIN/P near 16, while pasture-dominated watersheds exported N/P near 2. The differences in magnitude of exports and ratios suggest that deforestation in these Panamanian forests results in exports that affect growth of plants and algae in the receiving stream and estuarine ecosystems. Watershed retention of dissolved inorganic nitrogen calculated from wet plus dry atmospheric deposition varied from 90 % in pasture-to 65 % in forestdominated watersheds, respectively. Discharges of DIN to receiving waters from the watersheds therefore rose from 10 % of atmospheric inputs for pasturedominated watersheds, to about 35 % of atmospheric inputs for fully forested watersheds. These results from watersheds with no agriculture or urbanization, but different conversion of forest to pasture by burning, show significant, deforestation-dependent retention within tropical watersheds, but also ecologically significant, and deforestation-dependent, exports that are biologically significant because of Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article

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Section: Nutrients In Rainfallsupporting

confidence: 73%

Deforestation of watersheds of Panama: nutrient retention and export to streams

et al. 2013

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“…The U.S. National Emissions Inventory created by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates that these fires contribute 34% of the total primary PM 2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters smaller than 2.5 μm) emitted in the United States (NEI, 2014). Fire-emitted particles are harmful to human health (Cascio, 2018;Crouse et al, 2012;Gan et al, 2017;Johnston et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2015;Reid et al, 2016;Yao et al, 2018), visibility (Bond et al, 2013;Brewer & Moore, 2009;Ford et al, 2018), and ecosystems (Abram et al, 2003;Sundarambal et al, 2010). Due to climatic and socioeconomic changes, wildfire activities, including the number of large wildfires, total burned areas of large wildfires, wildfire durations, and wildfire seasons, have increased in recent decades (Dennison et al, 2014;Westerling et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decadal Climatology of Chemical, Physical, and Optical Properties of Ambient Smoke in the Western and Southeastern United States

et al. 2020

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Biomass burning is a major source of summertime fine particulate matter in the United States, degrading air quality and affecting human health and climate. Fuels, burn conditions, and fire types vary across the United States, which may impact smoke composition and optical properties. We use the Hazard Mapping System to track smoke plumes for 10 years from 2008 to 2017, focusing on three U.S. regions: Southeast, Pacific West, and Southwest. Combining this geospatial data set with AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) columnar data, and Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network in situ observations, we define "smoke-influenced days" and derive the properties of smoke aerosol for April through September, encompassing the main fire seasons across the United States. We find in the IMPROVE surface measurement that the elemental carbon fraction of smoke in the Southeast is statistically different from and lower than that in the west, consistent with more-smoldering prescribed fires in the southeast. We find in the AERONET columnar observations that the mean single scattering albedo of smoke (at 675 nm) is lower in the two western regions (~0.94) compared to the southeast (~0.96), consistent with the differences in composition and fire types, which implies that the compositional differences at the surface may be representative of the column. Higher relative humidity in the southeast and less dust associated with smoke also appear to contribute to the higher smoke single scattering albedo relative to the west. Our results show that smoke properties vary regionally, with implications for models, data assimilation, and remote-sensing.

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“…In contrast, the new productivity was estimated to be 1.733 ± 1.681 mg C·m −2 ·hr −1 over the SCS in 2009, representing a more typical summer. Although we have shown the potential effects of Indonesian forest fire-derived atmospheric wet AND to the marine ecosystem, the nonuniform spatial-temporal distribution of wet deposition, and nonnegligible deposition of other nutrients (e.g., P or Fe) and dry AND probably largely account for the new productivity (Hsu et al, 2014;Sundarambal, Tkalich, et al, 2010). Atmospheric deposition is also a potential mechanism for increasing Fe or P in the surface seawaters, thereby enhancing new productivity or nitrogen (N 2 ) fixation (Abram et al, 2003;Ponettegonzález et al, 2016;Wu et al, 2000).…”

Section: Marine Biological Responses To Forest Fire-derived Nitrogen mentioning

confidence: 95%

Enhanced Primary Production in the Oligotrophic South China Sea Related to Southeast Asian Forest Fires

et al. 2020

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Atmospheric reactive nitrogen deposition is an important process in the nitrogen cycle of natural ecosystems, especially in oligotrophic oceans. Increased land‐based atmospheric nitrogen deposition over the ocean changes the stoichiometric balance of marine ecosystems; this causes changes in ecosystem functions and biogeochemical cycles. Current studies have shown that atmospheric reactive nitrogen is mainly derived from land‐based human activities, such as the use of fertilizers, combustion of fossil fuels, and forest fires. Forest fires can provide a vast amount of reactive nitrogen and other nutrients over short time scales and may greatly influence marine ecosystems. Here, we document a large change in nitrogen concentration and primary productivity in upper levels of the South China Sea (SCS), coincident with Indonesian forest fires between August and September of 2012. Using back trajectories, fire spot maps, geographical distributions of the smoke, vertical distributions of the depolarization ratio, and nitrogen isotope values of nitrate in rainwater, we found that the change in nitrogen could be attributed to the forest fires. Our results show that the SCS received about 180 Gg of N as wet deposition during the sampling period. This atmospheric nitrogen deposition caused high primary productivity (40.679 ± 15.852 mg C·m−2·hr−1) in the upper levels of the SCS, which tripled values recorded in other years. This suggests that high nitrogen levels as well as other nutrients derived from tropical Asian forest fires are of great importance to the marine ecosystem of the SCS and also likely affect global marine biogeochemical cycles.

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Impact of biomass burning on ocean water quality in Southeast Asia through atmospheric deposition: eutrophication modeling

Cited by 16 publications

References 61 publications

Deforestation of watersheds of Panama: nutrient retention and export to streams

Deforestation of watersheds of Panama: nutrient retention and export to streams

A Decadal Climatology of Chemical, Physical, and Optical Properties of Ambient Smoke in the Western and Southeastern United States

Enhanced Primary Production in the Oligotrophic South China Sea Related to Southeast Asian Forest Fires

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