Impact of Biomass Sources on Acoustic-Based Chemical Functionalization of Biochars for Improved CO₂ Adsorption

Abstract

The present study investigates the impact of biomass origin on the properties of biochar and its interaction with different treatment conditions, CO2 adsorption, and regeneration ability. The biochars were synthesized from eight biomassesherbaceous (miscanthus and switchgrass), agro-industrial (corn stover and sugarcane bagasse), and crop residues (sorghum, wheat straw, rice straw, and rice husk)and were subjected to three different treatment conditions: (I) acoustic treatment using low-frequency ultrasound, (II) amination using the penta-amine, and (III) integrated sono-chemical activation. Adsorption studies revealed that sono-amination increased adsorption capacities up to 2–2.5 times that of physical or chemical activation techniques alone, with the maximum improvements for herbaceous and agro-industrial residues over crop residues due to their large specific surface areas and high carbon and low ash contents. Accordingly, miscanthus with increased nitrogen content after sono-amination (7.5 times that of raw miscanthus biochar) showed the highest adsorption capacity compared to any other biochars. The regeneration studies that were conducted on all of the eight ultrasono-aminated samples showed 68% (crop residues) to 76% (herbaceous and agro-industrials) retainment of the initial adsorption capacities after 15 cycles.

Ultrasonication Assisted Urea Treated Biochar: An Eco‐Friendly Adsorbent for CO2 Capture

“…[19] In the FTIR spectrum of the ultrasound treated biochar, no significant change was determined because of the physical treatment which was consistent with literature studies. [20] Following to urea treatment, NÀ H stretching and CÀ N stretching vibrations were appeared at 3464 cm À 1 and 1423 cm À 1 , respectively that show successful chemical treatment of the neat biochar. [21] The peak related to -OH stretching vibrations was at around 3332 cm À 1 .…”