Impact of Biotic and Abiotic Elicitation on Morphology, Growth, Active Constituents and Antibacterial Activity of Solanum Nigrum (L.) Calli Induced in Vitro

Abstract

olanum nigrum (L.) is an important herbaceous medicinal plant belonging to family Solanaceae. It is antiseptic, antibacterial, antidiuretic and anti-inflammatory. In the present study, stem nodal segments of Solanum nigrum were used as explants to induce callus formation on Murashige and Skoog basal medium fortified with 30 g/l sucrose, solidified with 6 g/l agar and supplemented with BA and 2,4-D under biotic (autoclaved Fusarium oxysporum culture filtrate) and abiotic elicitation (mannitol induced osmotic stress). Results revealed that the callus vigor of growth, color, texture and the nature of the surface of fresh and dry weight, size of callus and contents of some secondary metabolites were affected by the action and interaction and concentration of the two applied elicitors. Elicitation, in general, enhanced the biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites in callus tissues. Alkaloids were increased from 30 mg/g in dry callus powder (control) to 200 mg/g in calli treated with 1% fungal filtrate and 100 mM mannitol. Flavonoids increased from 20 mg/g in dry callus powder (control) to 410 mg/g in calli treated with 1% fungal filtrate without mannitol. Tannins increased from 10 mg/g in dry callus powder (control) to 310 mg/g in calli treated with 0.5% fungal filtrate and 50 mM mannitol or 1% fungal filtrate with or without 50 mM mannitol. The obtained results indicated also that elicited calli exhibited in general much more pronounced antibacterial effect against the four tested pathogenic bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli). The obtained results indicate the possibility of maximizing the production of valuable phytopharmaceutics in vitro using biotic and abiotic elicitation.

Callus Induction And Influence Of Biotic And Abiotic Elicitation On Active Constituents Of Portulaca Oleracea L. Calli Induced In Vitro

“…Often, the use of elicitors aids in the release of the metabolite into the medium, which serves as an additional biotechnological advantage [39]. The results of this study suggested that biotic elicitation may boost secondary metabolite biosynthesis in callus cultures, which may agree with prior observations reported in the same plant study and other plant investigations by [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46] and [35].…”

“…This agrees with studies [36] and [35] that proved that the stress of osmotic formed by low mannitol concentration improved callus growth and the results disagree with the results that were recorded by [37] found that when compared to control, fungal biotic elicitation had a detrimental influence on both callus fresh and dry weights. The reported results could be due to overexpression of particular genes, which has activated the expression of several downstream genes, resulting in better stress tolerance in plants [38].…”

“…), a value that means the treatment increased the amount of alkaloids detected in control calli by twofold. It's likely that the combination of the two eliciting factors at these concentrations was optimal, resulting in some form of synergism that activated alkaloids production [35]. Treatments with 0.1 percent fungal filtrate combined with 150 mM mannitol and 1.5 percent fungal filtrate combined with 100 mM mannitol, on the other hand, were harsh enough to reduce alkaloids to 100 mg / g callus dry wt.…”

Improving the Production of Total Phenolics and Flavonoids and the Antioxidant Capacity of Echinacea purpurea Callus through Biotic Elicitation

“…Moreover, El-Nabarawy et al [44] on Zingiber officinale reported that only low levels of A. niger extract can enhance callus growth. Similarly, previous study mentioned that using fungal filtrate of F. oxysporum can be useful for improving callus size, but growth can be restrained at higher doses [45].…”

“…F. oxysporum at low concentration (0.25 g/l) achieved the maximal significant rate of TFC (10.77 mg/g DW) which estimated as 361.40% of control (2.98 mg/g DW). Al-Gendy et al [54] and Ebad et al [45] found that elicitation with F. oxysporum enhanced the TFC in Artemisia monosperma and Solanum nigrum in in vitro cultures, respectively. Flavonoids had a vital role in osmotic arrangement, with stimulating antioxidative actions and defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic elicitation or stress factors [63].…”