Impact of Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent on Population Characteristics, Liver MFO Activity, and Serum Steroid Levels of a Lake Superior White Sucker (<i>Catostomus commersoni</i>) Population

Munkittrick, Kelly R.; Portt, Cameron B.; Kraak, Glen J. Van Der; Smith, Ian R.; Rokosh, D. A.

doi:10.1139/f91-164

Cited by 314 publications

(224 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Furthermore, masculinising effects of pulp and paper mill effluents were observed in female mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis sp.) from NorthAmerican and New Zealand (Howell et al, 1980;Munkittrick et al, 1991Munkittrick et al, , 1992Parks et al, 2001;Ellis et al, 2001). A number of different in vivo and in vitro test systems e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological sex reversal upon short-term exposure to endocrine modulators in juvenile fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)

Zerulla¹,

Länge²,

Steger‐Hartmann³

et al. 2002

Toxicology Letters

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Indications of effects on fish endocrine system have been noted when exposed to effluents of sewage treatment plants and subsequently in the receiving surface waters. For screening purposes, the concentration of vitellogenin (VTG) in plasma is employed to detect potential exposure of fish, to (anti-)estrogenic substances. However, little is known about the variability of VTG determinations and morphological endpoints (secondary sexual characteristics) in fish under exposure conditions employing compounds with hormonal activity other than estrogens. An in vivo test system was established to study the effects of methyltestosterone (MT, a potential model androgen) and fadrozole (F, an aromatase inhibitor) as well as the combination of MT and F on juvenile, sexually undifferentiated fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Fish were exposed to those compounds continuously in the (nominal) mg/l range (MT, 10, 50 and 100 mg/l; F, 25, 50, 100 mg/l; MT+F, 10 mg MT per l + 50 mg F per l), for 14 days (MT +F) or 21 days (MT and F) using a flow-through system. The concentration of VTG and the expression of VTG mRNA was determined using whole body homogenates in an enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. Exposure to MT alone led to de novo mRNA expression as well as up to a four-fold increase of VTG. F had no effect on the VTG mRNA expression and VTG protein synthesis. The combination of MT and F had no effect on VTG concentrations, however, this produced a strong masculinisation of the juvenile fish, e.g. after 13 days of exposure 100% of the fish showed typical male sex characteristics, e.g. formation of nose tubercles and pigmentation of the dorsal fin. The above findings suggest that in fish MT may be aromatised to an estrogen. F, on the other hand, inhibits testosterone aromatisation. Consequently, the combination of MT and F strongly morphologically masculinised the juvenile fathead minnows. VTG detection at the mRNA and protein level is a sensitive parameter, however, it does not provide for any information regarding the baseline 'estrogenicity' of a given parent compound.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological sex reversal upon short-term exposure to endocrine modulators in juvenile fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)

Zerulla¹,

Länge²,

Steger‐Hartmann³

et al. 2002

Toxicology Letters

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“…Many researches have been focused on fish, since as aquatic inhabitants they receive sewage or industrial effluent and agricultural runoff containing estrogenic chemicals [5,14,30]. In fish, estrogenic responses have been associated with exposure to pesticides [3,35], pulp mill effluents [23,29,34], plasticizers [19] and sewage effluent [2,17,31]. Abnormalities have also been reported in the male reproductive system of fish living in water polluted by sewage or industrial chemicals [12,25].…”

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confidence: 99%

Gonadosomatic Index and Testis Morphology of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Rivers Contaminated with Estrogenic Chemicals.

et al. 2002

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ABSTRACT. To study the effect of estrogenic chemicals on fish, the gonadosomatic index (GSI = [testis weight/body weight] × 100) and testis histology of mature common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from 2 contaminated sites (Ishizu and Wada rivers, Osaka) and a control site were examined between June 1998 and March 2001. The concentration of nonylphenol, bisphenol A and 17β-estradiol in the Ishizu river was 3-4 times higher than in the Wada river. In the pre-breeding and breeding seasons, there were no significant differences in body weight among carp from the 3 sites, the body weight of Ishizu river carp being significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of Wada river fish only in the post-breeding season. The GSI and testis weight in fish from the Ishizu river were significantly lower (p<0.05) than in control fish during all phases of gonadal cycle and lower than in Wada river fish in the pre-breeding and post-breeding season. No histological abnormalities were found in the testes of the males examined. Histological observation of the testes revealed a delay in the onset of spermatogenesis in fish from the Ishizu river compared with those from the other sites. These results clearly imply that the estrogenic chemicals in the Ishizu river adversely affect the testis development of the fish. There is growing evidence in support of the claim that contamination of a wildlife population with estrogenic chemicals can disturb the reproductive function of vertebrates [6,7,12]. Many researches have been focused on fish, since as aquatic inhabitants they receive sewage or industrial effluent and agricultural runoff containing estrogenic chemicals [5,14,30]. In fish, estrogenic responses have been associated with exposure to pesticides [3,35], pulp mill effluents [23,29,34], plasticizers [19] and sewage effluent [2,17,31]. Abnormalities have also been reported in the male reproductive system of fish living in water polluted by sewage or industrial chemicals [12,25]. Studies on the male teleost revealed changes including induced vitellogenin production [5,13,14,20], hermaphroditism as evidenced by the presence of both testicular and ovarian tissues [8,10,11,18,31], reduced testis size [20] and reduced plasma androgen concentrations together with delayed sexual maturity [26].Some information is known on the effect of estrogens and estrogenic chemicals on the carp testis, and their relation to seasonal changes in testis morphology. Three-month exposure to a sublethal dose of 4-tert-pentylphenol or 17β-estradiol causes progressive disappearance of spermatozoa and spermatogenic cysts, and reduces the seminiferous tubule diameter, in mature male carp [11]. Ovo-testes were found in juvenile carp exposed to xeno-estrogens during sexual differentiation [8,9]. However, a field study on adult crucian carp (Carassius carassius) living in a pond containing treated pulp mill effluent showed no gonadal deformation or feminization of male gonads [23]. It is therefore important to study the testis of mature male carp (Cyprinus carpio) living in rivers ...

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“…Also, juvenile alligators born after the spill had poorly organized testes and small phalli (12,13). Environmental contaminants have also been implicated in demasculinization of Florida panthers (Felis concolor cory:) (14), in lower sex steroid and reduced male secondary sex characteristics in white suckers (Catostomus commersoni) (15), and in feminization of California gulls (Larus californicus) (16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Impact of Organochlorine Contamination on Levels of Sex Hormones and External Morphology of Common Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina serpentina) in Ontario, Canada

Solla¹,

Bishop²,

Kraak³

et al. 1998

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Recent research has suggested that con ants in the environment may influence sdifferentation and reproductive endocrine fimction in wildlie. Concentrations oforganochlorine contaminants (total polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides) were higher in the blood plasma of snapping turtles from contaminated sites than in those from reference sites. The ratio of the precloacal length to the posterior lobe of the plastron (PPR) is sually dimorphic in snapp turdes. There were significant reductions in the PPR at three conm ted site versus two reference sites. The magnitude of the response was such that a sigificnty higher proportion of PPRs of males from a contaminated site (Cootes Paradise) overlapped with those of females than PPRs of males from a reference site (Lae Sasajewun). Observers can incorrety idenify the sex ofturtes at the contaminated site based on secondary sexual characteristics alone. Unlike the changs to the morphology, there were few changes in 17J-estradiol or testosterone levels, and where differences occurred, therewas more varnation among reference sites than between the reference and contaminated sites. Our results suggest that environmental CO minants may afiect sexually dimorphic morphology in snapping turles without affecting circulating testosterone or estrogen levls in the adults. &y words biomonitoring femintion, morphology, organochlorines, pesticides, snapping turtes, testosterone.

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Impact of Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent on Population Characteristics, Liver MFO Activity, and Serum Steroid Levels of a Lake Superior White Sucker (Catostomus commersoni) Population

Cited by 314 publications

References 19 publications

Morphological sex reversal upon short-term exposure to endocrine modulators in juvenile fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)

Morphological sex reversal upon short-term exposure to endocrine modulators in juvenile fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)

Gonadosomatic Index and Testis Morphology of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Rivers Contaminated with Estrogenic Chemicals.

Impact of Organochlorine Contamination on Levels of Sex Hormones and External Morphology of Common Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina serpentina) in Ontario, Canada

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