Impact of BMI, Physical Activity, and Sitting Time Levels on Health-Related Outcomes in a Group of Overweight and Obese Adults with and without Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Physical activity level and sedentary behaviors affect health status in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes (DM2); their assessment is mandatory to properly prescribe exercise programs. From January 2011 to February 2014, 293 overweight/obese adults (165 women and 128 men, mean age of 51.9 ± 9.5 years and 54.6 ± 8.3 years, respectively), with and without DM2, participated in a three-month intensive exercise program. Before starting, participants were allocated into three subgroups (overweight, body mass index or BMI = 25–29.9; class 1 of obesity, BMI = 30–34.4; or class 2 (or superior) of obesity, BMI > 35). The international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ-it) was used to evaluate participants’ baseline sitting time (SIT) and physical activity level (PAL). Stratified multiple analyses were performed using four subgroups of SIT level according to Ekelund et al., 2016 (low, 8 h/day of SIT) and three subgroups for PAL (high, moderate, and low). Health-related measures such as anthropometric variables, body composition, hematic parameters, blood pressure values, and functional capacities were studied at the beginning and at the end of the training period. An overall improvement of PAL was observed in the entire sample following the three-month intensive exercise program together with a general improvement in several health-related measures. The BMI group factor influenced the VO2 max variations, leg press values, triglycerides, and anthropometric variables, while the SIT group factor impacted the sitting time, VO2 max, glycemic profile, and fat mass. In this study, baseline PAL and SIT did not seem to influence the effects of an exercise intervention. The characteristics of our educational program, which also included a physical exercise protocol, allowed us to obtain positive results.

The Effect of Sedentary Behaviour on Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Title and abstract review resulted in 221 full-text papers for assessment. Of these, 19 RCTs [ 50 , 51 , 65 – 81 ], eight quasi-experimental studies [ 82 – 89 ] and 15 cohort studies [ 11 , 90 – 102 ] met the study inclusion criteria. A list of excluded full texts and reasons can be found in Table S3 of the ESM.…”

“…Most SB-only interventions remain underpowered. Quasi-experimental CRF measured via V̇O 2 peak [ 87 – 89 ] SB-only: significant intervention effect on CRF with the intervention group experiencing a significant decrease in SB and increase in CRF. SB + PA: One study found NS effect of the intervention on CRF, second study was successful at improving CRF, but unclear if it was effect of reducing SB or increasing PA because of using a desk cycle ergometer.…”

Lifestyle Patterns in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

“…Physical activity level and sedentary behavior affect the health status of people with obesity and type 2 diabetes [ 62 ]. It has been proven that obesity can be an obstacle in terms of walking due to physical difficulties or limitations or even the possible complications of obesity.…”

The Influence of Weight Loss in Postural Control in Women Undergoing Sleeve Gastrectomy

“…Moreover, epidemiological studies have shown an increased risk of falls related to obesity [9][10][11][12], due to alterations of postural control patterns [13,14]. Non-surgical management of obesity consists of a multicomponent approach, including behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapies, and lifestyle change, with the aim to reduce energy intake with diet, increase physical activity [15] and reduce sedentary behavior [16,17]. Because few patients achieve an important weight loss with a lifestyle change, many undergo bariatric surgery [15].…”