Impact of Bt cotton adoption on pesticide use by smallholders: A 2-year survey in Makhatini Flats (South Africa)

Hofs, Jean-Luc; Fok, Michel; Vaissayre, Maurice

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2006.01.006

Cited by 55 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A commonly cited example of secondary impacts related to changes in labour demand. Some studies pointed out reductions in labour as a cost-saving effect [81,95,100,102], or as a negative effect for those previously employed for spraying [85]. Labour needs were also shown to increase in some cases.…”

Section: The Example Of Bt Cottonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These economic benefits were described as combinations of direct and secondary impacts of raised yields and/or reduced costs for pesticides [53,77,[81][82][83][84]86,87,[94][95][96][97][98]100,102]. A commonly cited example of secondary impacts related to changes in labour demand.…”

Section: The Example Of Bt Cottonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher yields and/or reduced pesticide use can then have secondary social impacts such as improved household finances, better labour conditions and health improvements. Looking specifically at studies of Bt cotton relying on own farm-level data, there were 23 such studies in the dataset [53,66,67,70,76,77,[81][82][83][84][85][86][87][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102]. The majority (12) were from India, followed by South Africa (5), Argentina (2), Burkina Faso (2), Mexico (1) and Australia (1) as the only country representing the Global North.…”

Section: The Example Of Bt Cottonmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Social Impacts of GM Crops in Agriculture: A Systematic Literature Review

et al. 2015

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It has recently been argued that the fragmented knowledge on the social impacts of genetically modified (GM) crops is contributing to the polarised debate on the matter. This paper addresses this issue by systematically reviewing 99 peer-reviewed journal articles published since 2004 on the social impacts of GM crops in agriculture; summarising current knowledge, and identifying research gaps. Economic impact studies currently dominate the literature and mainly report that GM crops provide economic benefits for farmers. Other social impacts are less well studied, but present a more complex picture. Studies on access to and benefits of GM crops show that these vary significantly depending on the political and regulatory setting. Substantial evidence indicates that intellectual property rights (IPR) and the private industry's dominance limit the access and utility of available GM crops to many farmers. Wellbeing is frequently discussed in the literature, but rarely investigated empirically. Existing evidence is contradictory and inconclusive. Impact studies from the Global North are virtually non-existent. Moreover, OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2015, 7 8599 two-thirds of publications are based on previously published empirical evidence, indicating a need for new empirical investigations into the social impacts of GM crops in agriculture.

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Section: The Example Of Bt Cottonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Example Of Bt Cottonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Example Of Bt Cottonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Impacts of GM Crops in Agriculture: A Systematic Literature Review

et al. 2015

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“…The meta-analysis of the three studies in South Africa (Hofs et al 2006), Tanzania (Bulte et al 2014) and Uganda (Matsumoto 2013) yields an overall positive pooled effect size of 0.26. This represents a 12.4 percent change in the levels of income among smallholders receiving the input innovation.…”

Section: Effects On Economic Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of training, innovation and new technology on African smallholder farmers’ economic outcomes and food security

Stewart¹,

Langer²,

Silva³

et al. 2016

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The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) is an international grant-making NGO promoting evidence-informed development policies and programmes. We are the global leader in funding, producing and synthesising high-quality evidence of what works, how, why and at what cost. We believe that better and policy-relevant evidence will make development more effective and improve people's lives. 3ie systematic reviews 3ie systematic reviews examine available high-quality evidence on the effects of social and economic development interventions in low-and middle-income countries. These reviews follow scientifically recognised review methods, and are peer reviewed and quality assured according to internationally accepted standards. 3ie is providing leadership in demonstrating rigorous review methodologies, such as using theory-based designs, for combining different types of evidence suited to respond to the complex and dynamic contexts and challenges of development. 3ie also publishes summary reports based on the full reviews that are designed for use by policymakers and programme managers. About this summary report AcknowledgementsThis review was made possible thanks to the generosity of many individuals and organisations. It was funded by Global Affairs Canada (formerly Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development, Canada), managed through the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie). 3ie also offered additional financial support for this review. In addition, the Centre for Anthropological Research at the University of Johannesburg generously allocated additional staffing to the review. We would also like to thank our international advisory group and peer-reviewers for their input to this review. ii SummaryThe majority of the rural poor in Africa engage in smallholder farming as a livelihood strategy. At the same time, supporting the practice of smallholder agriculture holds the potential to improve farming households' level of food security as well as local economies in rural areas. Agricultural productivity in Africa stands at one-third to half of global productivity and, although the Green Revolution has rapidly improved social and economic livelihoods in other former developing regions, it is by and large absent from the continent.Programmes that support African smallholder agriculture by implementing training programmes and introducing new technologies and agricultural innovations aim to help release the untapped potential of the African agricultural sector. But we know little about which programmes and approaches are most effective at improving smallholders' food security and economic outcomes. This is the first systematic review of the available research evidence to address this issue. Our objectives were to systematically review the evidence on the effects that training, innovation and new technology have had on African smallholder farmers' economic outcomes and food security. InterventionsThis review assessed the effects of two types of interventions on the livelihoods of Africa...

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“…GM cotton expressing Cry genes is cultivated on 33.1 million ha in different cotton growing countries including United States [16,17], China [18][19][20], India [21][22][23][24][25][26], South Africa [27][28][29], Mexico [30], Argentina [31,32] and Pakistan [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] and experienced many benefits like reduced use of broad-spectrum insecticides, improved control of target pests, reduced production cost, increased yield and better opportunity for biological control.…”

Section: Transgenic Bt Cottonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic Bt Cotton: Effects on Target and Non-Target Insect Diversity

Arshad¹,

Khan²,

Aslam³

et al. 2018

Past, Present and Future Trends in Cotton Breeding

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Occurrence of diversity in ecosystem sustains particular characteristic of a biological community and also ensures stability of the community. Transgenic crops may affect insect biodiversity by unintended impacts on non-target arthropod population. For example, transgenic GM cotton specific to target lepidopterous pests can change the cotton pest spectrum and may induce the growth of new harmful pest species having no pest status. The change in species composition may influence IPM approach in cotton crop. The results of authors' research studies as well as global impact indicate that GM cotton is highly specific to target pests and has no unintended impact on non-target insect population. GM cotton provides significant season-long field control of target pests (Helicoverpa armigera, Earias spp. and Pectinophora gossypiella), with no significant control of Spodoptera species. The decreased insecticide use in GM cotton has a positive impact on beneficial insect populations and can increase the stability of rare species. Bt cotton has no resistance against non-target sucking insect pests. As GM cotton has no adverse effects on the non-target insect population and can reduce the use of broad-spectrum insecticides, it can become an important tool of IPM program in cotton agro-ecosystem of Pakistan.

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Impact of Bt cotton adoption on pesticide use by smallholders: A 2-year survey in Makhatini Flats (South Africa)

Cited by 55 publications

References 10 publications

Social Impacts of GM Crops in Agriculture: A Systematic Literature Review

Social Impacts of GM Crops in Agriculture: A Systematic Literature Review

Effects of training, innovation and new technology on African smallholder farmers’ economic outcomes and food security

Transgenic Bt Cotton: Effects on Target and Non-Target Insect Diversity

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