Impact of Cadmium on Liver Pigmentary System of the Frog Rana ridibunda

Nephrotoxic effects of lead nitrate in Rana ridibunda

“…It is known that hemosiderin and/or ferritin are deposited in Kupffer cells (Wolke 1992). It was found that in the frog Rana ridibunda exposed to cadmium, excess iron was deposited in the liver melanomacrophages (MMCs), a special type of Kupffer cells (Loumbourdis and Vogiatzis 2002). Deposition of ferritin and hemosiderin is the effect of hemolysis of red blood cells, the destroyed cell being phagocytosed by hepatocytes and/or Kupffer cells.…”

Functional dissimilarity of melanomacrophage centres in the liver and spleen from females of the teleost fish Prochilodus argenteus

“…MMCs are found in various phyletic groups such as reptiles (Rund et al 1998), amphibians (Loumbourdis and Vogiatzis 2002) and fishes (Wolke 1992;Fournie et al 2001;Fishelson 2006), and in organs such as the kidney, spleen, thymus and liver (Bruslè and Anadon 1996;Blazer 2002;Agius and Roberts 2003;Fishelson 2006). Diverse functions have been attributed to teleost MMCs, including the capture and storage of cations and the phagocytosis of cellular debris (Wolke 1992;Leknes 2001;Agius and Roberts 2003).…”

Histological and Histochemical Studies on the Early Developmental Stages of the Egyptian Toad <i>Bufo regularis</i> Reuss

“…Hepatic melanomacrophages appear to increase in number also with antigenic stimulation, and with otherfactors causing tissue breakdown [41]. Increased density of these macrophages has also been observed in experimentally treated fish [44], amphibians [45], and naturally polluted frogs [46].…”

“…Melanin is a complex polymer that can absorb and neutralize free radicals and other toxic agents [40] [43]. Melanomacrophages are focal accumulations of pigmented macrophages in liver, spleen and more rarely in kidneys of fishes [44] and also in liver of frogs [45]. These may contain four types of brown to black pigments, namely melanin, lipofuscin, ceroid, and hemosiderin/ferritin.…”