Impact of Chemical Endocrine Disruptors and Hormone Modulators on the Endocrine System

Guarnotta, Valentina; Amodei, Roberta; Frasca, Francesco; Aversa, Antônio; Giordano, Carla

doi:10.3390/ijms23105710

Cited by 66 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 184 publications

(215 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, the activation of oxidative stress leads to an increase in in ammation triggers, which are associated with TDS. Compelling evidence from both in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that EDCs are related to alterations in testosterone biosynthesis [29,5]. However, the molecular mechanisms of declining testosterone biosynthesis caused by EDCs remain unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The age of around 50 years marks the onset of declining testosterone levels, signi cantly impacting an individual's overall quality of life [2][3][4]. Additionally, metabolic disorders and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are known to lower testosterone levels [5,6]. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying the association between low testosterone and EDCs remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective effect of gomisin N on BBP-induced dysfunction of testosterone production in TM3 Leydig cells

Lee

Park

Jeong

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Exposure to benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) may induce disorders in the male reproductive system. However, the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here we investigated the effect of BBP on testosterone production and its molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we also investigated the role of gomisin N (GN) from Schisandra chinensis (S. chinensis) in testosterone synthesis in TM3 Leydig cells. Method and results First, we examined the effects of BBP on expression levels of testosterone biosynthesis-related genes (StAR, CYP11α1, CYP17α1, 3βHSD, and 17βHSD) and attenuation-related genes (CYP1β1, CYP19α1, and Srd5α1-3). Although testosterone biosynthesis-related genes did not change, attenuation-related genes such as CYP1β1 and CYP19α1 were upregulated with ROS generation and testosterone level attenuation in the presence of 50 μM of BBP. However, the compound with the highest ROS and ONOO- scavenging activity from S. chinensis, GN, significantly reversed the expression of BBP-induced testosterone attenuation-related gene to normal levels. Subsequently, GN improved the testosterone production levels in TM3 Leydig cells. These events may be regulated by the antioxidant effect of GN. Conclusions In conclusion, our study suggests, for the first time, that BBP impairs testosterone synthesis by the modulation of CYP1β1 and CYP19α1 expression in TM3 cells; GN could potentially minimize the BBP-induced dysfunction of TM3 cells to produce testosterone by suppressing CYP19α1 expression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of gomisin N on BBP-induced dysfunction of testosterone production in TM3 Leydig cells

Lee

Park

Jeong

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Both BPA and phthalates can significantly affect thyroid function [90,94]. However, both positive and negative correlations have been described between the urinary or serum levels of these classes of plasticizers and thyroid function [95][96][97].…”

Section: Plasticizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Their Effects in Pet Dogs and Cats: An Overview

Pocar

Grieco

Aidos

et al. 2023

Animals

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Over the past few decades, several pollutants classified as environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have become a matter of significant public health concern. Companion animals play a major role in human society, and pet ownership is substantially increasing worldwide. These intimate human–pet relationships imply sharing much of the same environment, thus including exposure to similar levels of EDCs in daily routine. Here, we review the current knowledge on the sources and routes of exposure to EDCs in domestic indoor and outdoor environments and discuss whether endocrine disruption is a health concern in pets. We summarize the phenomenon of endocrine disruption, providing examples of EDCs with a known impact on dog and cat health. Then, we propose an overview of the literature on the adverse effects of EDCs in domestic pets, with a special focus on the health of reproductive and thyroid systems. Finally, we explore the potential role of companion animals as unintentional sentinels of environmental exposure to EDCs and the implications for public health risk assessment in a “shared risk” scenario. Overall, this review supports the need for an integrated approach considering humans, animals, and the environment as a whole for a comprehensive assessment of the impact of EDCs on human and animal health.

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“…In real microgravity, background radiation and loss of circadian cues are additional factors that may play a role in decreased endocrine function [55,56]. Another example is common plastics: bisphenol A and phthalates, two well-known endocrine disruptors, have been shown to alter the function and tissue of the parathyroid gland and contribute to tumor formation, hinting at effects on gene expression [57]. These plastics have been known to leach and contaminate spacecraft components [58].…”

Section: Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Microgravity on Parathyroid Hormone Secretion: A Meta-Analysis

Blue¹

2023

J Endocrinol Metab

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Background:The relationship between microgravity and parathyroid hormone (PTH), a keystone of bone mineral density, remains controversial. Bone loss is a prominent, ongoing issue in spaceflight, and PTH has been suggested as a treatment for microgravity-induced osteopenia, indicating the importance of this hormone. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between exposure to microgravity and the production of PTH.Methods: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for studies reporting PTH levels during and after exposure to microgravity. Non-peer-reviewed articles, studies lacking control groups, and articles published earlier than 2002 were excluded. Twelve articles from 2002 to present, with a total of 145 subjects, were identified and the standardized mean differences from baseline PTH levels were combined in a random effects model. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) testing on weighted mean differences was conducted to obtain 95% confidence intervals.Results: Compared to baseline measurements, significant changes in PTH levels are found during and after microgravity exposure. Inflight levels significantly decrease (P < 0.01), and post-flight levels show increases. Furthermore, there is evidence of an interaction between experimental condition (real or simulated microgravity) and time after removal from microgravity on PTH. Conclusions:The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that microgravity affects parathyroid gland function during and after spaceflight, with decreases in function in-flight and an increase at 7 days post-flight. Experimental condition also appears to play a role in the recovery timeline of PTH.

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Impact of Chemical Endocrine Disruptors and Hormone Modulators on the Endocrine System

Cited by 66 publications

References 184 publications

Protective effect of gomisin N on BBP-induced dysfunction of testosterone production in TM3 Leydig cells

Protective effect of gomisin N on BBP-induced dysfunction of testosterone production in TM3 Leydig cells

Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Their Effects in Pet Dogs and Cats: An Overview

The Effect of Microgravity on Parathyroid Hormone Secretion: A Meta-Analysis

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