Impact of chitosan administration on titanium dioxide nanoparticles induced testicular dysfunction

Abstract

The potential reproductive toxic effects of oral TiO2 NPs in adult male rats as well as the possible alleviation of chitosan administration was investigated. Animals were allocated to four groups; the first group received deionized water and was assigned as a control group. In the second group, rats received chitosan at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW/day. The third group was designed for administration of TiO2 NPs at a dose of 150 mg/kg BW/day (1/80 LD50). Rats in the fourth group received both TiO2 NPs and chitosan. After 14 days, TiO2 NPs induced testicular lipid peroxidation as well as oxidative stress. Nano-titanium significantly upregulated genes that encode apoptosis and inflammation in testicular tissue. Moreover, it induced histological alteration in the testicular structure with impairment in spermatogenesis via reduction of PCNA immune-staining. Chitosan administration significantly improved the activities of testicular GPx, SOD, and CAT enzymes. In addition, it significantly down-regulated the relative expressions of pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory testicular genes. Chitosan was able to improve the testicular architecture as well as spermatogenesis. The current study revealed the capability of chitosan to ameliorate nano-titanium induced testicular toxicity. Thus, attention should be given to the extensive consumption of nano-titanium particles.

Underlying Mechanisms for the Sex- and Chemical-Specific Hepatotoxicity of Perfluoroalkyl Phosphinic Acids in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

“…Aside from lipid metabolism, PPARα can activate cell cycle control genes and stimulate hepatocyte cell proliferation via activation of PCNA. 51,52 Consistent with the expression level of ppar-α, PCNA was also more noticeably overexpressed in male than female carp, especially after exposure to 8:8 PFPiA (Figure S6). The inducement of PCNA might be a compensation for PFPiA-induced apoptosis and necrosis.…”

“…Another possible explanation is based on the fact that the PPAR pathway was activated by binding with FAs, and presumably the uptake of FAs into nuclear for PPAR activation is enhanced in male but depressed in female carp. Aside from lipid metabolism, PPARα can activate cell cycle control genes and stimulate hepatocyte cell proliferation via activation of PCNA. , Consistent with the expression level of ppar-α , PCNA was also more noticeably overexpressed in male than female carp, especially after exposure to 8:8 PFPiA (Figure S6). The inducement of PCNA might be a compensation for PFPiA-induced apoptosis and necrosis.…”

Fructose improves titanium dioxide nanoparticles induced alterations in developmental competence of mouse oocytes

“…This study was conducted at the Theriogenology department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt, with an approved animal use protocol (PhD/29) in accordance with the Guiding Principles for the Care and Use of Research Animals. The preparation and characterization of TiO 2 NPs was described in our previous publication [ 11 ].…”

Toxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on reproduction in mammals

“…This may be caused by dysfunction of steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis after nano-TiO 2 exposure. Several studies have demonstrated a marked decrease in serum T after chronic exposure to nano-TiO 2 (Gao et al, 2013;Jia et al, 2014;Orazizadeh et al, 2014;Hong et al, 2015b;Khorsandi et al, 2017;Morgan et al, 2017;Shahin and Mohamed, 2017;Li et al, 2018;Hussein et al, 2019;Lauvas et al, 2019;Ogunsuyi et al, 2020;Danafar et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2021;Halawa et al, 2022). Li.…”