Impact of chronic undernutrition on higher mental functions in Indian boys aged 10–12 years

Agarwal, K. N.; Dk, Agarwal; Upadhyay, S.K.

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13568.x

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In all studies the SGA babies had poorer cognition than normal-birth-weight children, although some of the differences were not statistically significant (for example, see Hawdon et al 1990;Agarwal et al 1995). The results of these studies are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Small-for-gestational Agementioning

confidence: 64%

“…In most of the studies the SGA children also had poorer school performance levels. Only one of the twelve studies was from a developing country (Agarwal et al 1995), and early childhood malnutrition had a greater effect than SGA. An additional study from Guatemala (Perez-Escamilla & Pollitt, 1992) failed to find any cognitive deficit at adolescence in SGA children.…”

Section: Small-for-gestational Agementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hack (1998) identified twelve longitudinal observational studies of children between 9 and 17 years of age who were small-for-gestational age (SGA) at birth (Drillien, 1970;Hill, 1978;Westwood et al 1983;Illsey & Mitchell, 1984;Rantakillio, 1988;Hawdon et al 1990;Lagerstrom et al 1991;Low et al 1992;Agarwal et al 1995;Mervis et al 1995;Paz et al 1995;Pryor et al 1995). In all studies the SGA babies had poorer cognition than normal-birth-weight children, although some of the differences were not statistically significant (for example, see Hawdon et al 1990;Agarwal et al 1995).…”

Section: Small-for-gestational Agementioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional deficiencies and later behavioural development

2000

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The literature on the long-term effects of nutritional deficiencies in early life is reviewed. The severity and duration of the deficiency, the stage of the children’s development, the biological condition of the children and the socio-cultural context may all modify the effect. There is substantial evidence that reduced breast-feeding, small-for-gestational-age birth weight, Fe and I deficiency, and protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) are associated with long-term deficits in cognition and school achievement. However, all these conditions are associated with poverty and poor health, which may account for the association. It is difficult to establish that the long-term relationship is causal, as it requires a randomized treatment trial with long-term follow-up. Such studies are only available for I deficiency in utero and early childhood PEM. Results from these studies indicate that I deficiency has a long-term effect and PEM probably has a long-term effect.

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Section: Small-for-gestational Agementioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Small-for-gestational Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Small-for-gestational Agementioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional deficiencies and later behavioural development

2000

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“…Undernutrition, even moderate and mild forms, has many signi®cant adverse effects. Under-nutrition affects not only children's and adolescents' physical and mental development, but also their emotional stability and behavioral development (Pollitt, 1994;Agarwal et al, 1995;Brown & Sherman, 1995;Gorman, 1995;Grantham-McGregor, 1995;Wachs, 1995). However, there is minimal published research on adolescents' nutritional status in developing countries.…”

Section: Nutrition and Diet Of Chinese Adolescents Y Wang Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

The nutritional status and dietary pattern of Chinese adolescents, 1991 and 1993

Wang

Popkin

Zhai³

1998

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To increase understanding about current dietary patterns and short-term relationships between economic change and adolescent nutrition in a lower-income country, using the 1991 and 1993 China Health and Nutrition Survey data. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Eight provinces in China that vary substantially in geography, economic development, public resources, and health indicators. Subjects: 2236 and 2018 adolescents aged 10 ± 18 years who completed three 24-hour recalls in the 1991 and 1993 survey, respectively. Results: Chinese adolescents experienced an improvement of diet and nutritional status. The prevalence of stunting declined from 23% in 1991 to 19% in 1993. Under-nutrition was a problem of concern although the prevalence (12 ± 13%) was relatively low. Overweight was emerging as a problem associated with young, highincome and urban adolescents, but the prevalence (4%) was quite low compared with developed countries. Chinese adolescents' energy and protein intakes were adequate compared with the American RDA. About 27% of the participants derived more than 30% of their dietary energy from fat and 16% of them derived over 10% of energy from saturated fat by 1993. Conclusion: Chinese adolescents have experienced an improvement in diet and nutritional status, but undernutrition is still an important nutrition problem, especially among young and poor groups. More attention should focus on the increase of dietary fat intake and obesity.

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“…Adult rats exposed to protein deficient diet showed cell loss in dentate gyrus, CA3 and cerebellum [79]. In addition, the effect of chronic protein deficiency has been shown to be more detrimental than prenatal protein deficiency alone [20,21,74,80]. This entails that adverse effects of PD diet are not limited to early development period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Slowing and Upregulation of Inhibition in Cortex Are Correlated with Behavioral Deficits in Protein Malnourished Rats

et al. 2013

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Protein malnutrition during early development has been correlated with cognitive and learning disabilities in children, but the neuronal deficits caused by long-term protein deficiency are not well understood. We exposed rats from gestation up to adulthood to a protein-deficient (PD) diet, to emulate chronic protein malnutrition in humans. The offspring exhibited significantly impaired performance on the ‘Gap-crossing’ (GC) task after reaching maturity, a behavior that has been shown to depend on normal functioning of the somatosensory cortex. The physiological state of the somatosensory cortex was examined to determine neuronal correlates of the deficits in behavior. Extracellular multi-unit recording from layer 4 (L4) neurons that receive direct thalamocortical inputs and layers 2/3 (L2/3) neurons that are dominated by intracortical connections in the whisker-barrel cortex of PD rats exhibited significantly low spontaneous activity and depressed responses to whisker stimulation. L4 neurons were more severely affected than L2/3 neurons. The response onset was significantly delayed in L4 cells. The peak response latency of L4 and L2/3 neurons was delayed significantly. In L2/3 and L4 of the barrel cortex there was a substantial increase in GAD65 (112% over controls) and much smaller increase in NMDAR1 (12-20%), suggesting enhanced inhibition in the PD cortex. These results show that chronic protein deficiency negatively affects both thalamo-cortical and cortico-cortical transmission during somatosensory information processing. The findings support the interpretation that sustained protein deficiency interferes with features of cortical sensory processing that are likely to underlie the cognitive impairments reported in humans who have suffered from prolonged protein deficiency.

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Impact of chronic undernutrition on higher mental functions in Indian boys aged 10–12 years

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Nutritional deficiencies and later behavioural development

Nutritional deficiencies and later behavioural development

The nutritional status and dietary pattern of Chinese adolescents, 1991 and 1993

Physiological Slowing and Upregulation of Inhibition in Cortex Are Correlated with Behavioral Deficits in Protein Malnourished Rats

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