Impact of Cigarette Smoking on the Gastrointestinal Tract Inflammation: Opposing Effects in Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

Berkowitz, Loni; Schultz, Bárbara M.; Salazar, Geraldyne A.; Pardo-Roa, Catalina; Sebastián, Valentina P.; Álvarez-Lobos, Manuel; Bueno, Susan M.

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00074

Cited by 162 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(134 reference statements)

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“…(Table 4) In addition to skin diseases, Parkinson's disease [58][59][60] is inversely associated with smoking without exact known mechanisms. Ulcerative colitis is well-known to be inversely associated with smoking 61 . Until now, the association between vitiligo and smoking has not been evaluated or reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between vitiligo and smoking: A nationwide population-based study in Korea

Lee

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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no study has examined the associations between vitiligo and smoking. the purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of vitiligo according to smoking status. We used clinical data from individuals aged over 20 years who received a health examination in the National Insurance Program between 2009 and 2012 (n = 23,503,807). We excluded individuals with pre-existing vitiligo who had ever been diagnosed with vitiligo before the index year (n = 35,710) or who were diagnosed with vitiligo within a year of the index year (n = 46,476). Newly diagnosed vitiligo was identified using claims data from baseline to date of diagnosis or December 31, 2016 (n = 22,811). The development of vitiligo was compared according to self-reported smoking status by a health examination survey. the hazard ratio of vitiligo in current smokers was 0.69 (95% confidence interval; 0.65-0.72) with a reference of neversmokers after adjustment for age, sex, regular exercise, drinking status, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, history of stroke, and history of ischemic heart diseases. the decreased risk of vitiligo in current smokers persisted after subgroup analysis of sex and age groups. The results suggested there are suppressive effects of smoking on the development of vitiligo. Further studies are needed to evaluate the mechanism of smoking on the development of vitiligo.Vitiligo is a common depigmentation skin disease with an estimated prevalence of 0.5-1% in the worldwide population 1 . Vitiligo affects all skin types and ethnic groups. The highest incidence is recorded in India (up to 8.8%) 2 , followed by Mexico (4%) 3 , Japan (1.68%) 4 , and Denmark (0.38%) 5 . The annual incidence of vitiligo in South Korea was estimated at 0.12-0.13% 6 .Vitiligo is a multifactorial disease. It is hypothesized to be mainly caused by autoimmune factors, although genetic susceptibility, oxidative stress, and cell detachment abnormalities are also suggested etiologies 7 . The autoimmune diseases vitiligo is associated with include autoimmune thyroid disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, adult-onset diabetes mellitus, pernicious anemia, and systemic lupus erythematosus 8,9 . Once vitiligo develops, it is difficult to treat and affects quality of life. Vitiligo can negatively affect social relations 10-13 . One study showed that vitiligo has an adverse effect on patient sexuality 14 , and it has been associated with pessimistic emotions such as shame, insecurity, and sadness 15 . Therefore, evaluating the preventive and risk factors for vitiligo is important.Smoking is one of the most prevalent addictive habits that affects multi-organ systems and results in several diseases. The well-known risks of smoking habits include respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Smoking also affects the immune system and results in inflammatory reactions. Tobacco contains as many as 6,000 different components including nicotine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tobacco glycoprotein, and some metals, many of which are considered antigenic, c...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between vitiligo and smoking: A nationwide population-based study in Korea

Lee

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Parkinson's disease is inversely associated with smoking though exact mechanisms are not clear. Ulcerative colitis is well‐known to be inversely associated with smoking …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ulcerative colitis is well-known to be inversely associated with smoking. 51 Although the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of smoking on BD have not been established, an antioxidant effect has been suggested as a possible explanation. Alpha-and beta-unsaturated aldehydes and nicotine in cigarette smoke are potent inhibitors of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells and can decrease the chemotactic activity of PMN.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between smoking and Behçet's disease: a nationwide population‐based study in Korea

Lee

et al. 2019

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Background There have been conflicting results about the association between Behçet's disease and smoking. Smoking has been reported to be a protective factor for Behçet's disease, whereas smoking may have a role in triggering Behçet's disease. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of Behçet's disease in Korea according to smoking status using nationwide population data. Methods We analysed clinical data from individuals 20 years of age and older who received a health examination arranged by the Korean national insurance programme between 2009 and 2012. The incidence of Behçet's disease was analysed according to smoking status reported by individuals during their health examination. Newly diagnosed cases of Behçet's disease were identified using claims data from baseline to the date of diagnosis or until 31 December 2016. Results The risk of Behçet's disease was lower in current smokers compared with never‐smokers regardless of the amount and duration of smoking. The decreased risk of Behçet's disease in current smoker persisted after adjusting for age, sex, regular exercise, drinking status, BMI, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia, history of stroke and/or history of ischaemic heart diseases. Limitations Genetic susceptibility or family history of Behçet's disease was not considered. Conclusions This study found a decreased incidence of Behçet's disease in current smokers compared with never‐smokers. Further investigation of the pathophysiology responsible for the negative association between smoking and Behçet's disease is needed.

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“…Se requiere mayor evidencia para confirmar estos últimos resultados. En EC, el tabaco ha sido asociado a mayor riesgo de crisis, cirugía y falta de respuesta a tratamiento 77 .…”

Section: Tabacounclassified

Factores ambientales en el desarrollo y evolución de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal

et al. 2019

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Environmental risk factors in the development and evolution of inflammatory bowel disease Environmental factors may influence the development of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and modify its natural history. The objective of this review is to evaluate current evidence about environmental factors associated with the disease. A better knowledge about the pathogenesis of the disease can lead to better treatment strategies and suggestions to prevent the disease.

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Impact of Cigarette Smoking on the Gastrointestinal Tract Inflammation: Opposing Effects in Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

Cited by 162 publications

References 89 publications

Association between vitiligo and smoking: A nationwide population-based study in Korea

Association between vitiligo and smoking: A nationwide population-based study in Korea

Association between smoking and Behçet's disease: a nationwide population‐based study in Korea

Factores ambientales en el desarrollo y evolución de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal

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