Impact of cigarette taxes on smoking prevalence from 2001-2015: A report using the Behavioral and Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS)

Sharbaugh, Michael S.; Althouse, Andrew D.; Thoma, Floyd; Lee, Joon S.; Figueredo, Vincent M.; Mulukutla, Suresh

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0204416

Cited by 57 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We examined the influence of cigarette smoking on semen quality owing to the fact that smoking has been associated with several pathological changes, and retrospective studies have shown smoking to lower semen volume, sperm count, and motility [ 34 – 36 ]. Our results showed that men who reported to smoke had a twofold decrease in sperm count.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Lifestyle and Environmental Factors on Semen Quality in Ghanaian Men

Blay

Pinamang

Sagoe

et al. 2020

International Journal of Reproductive Medicine

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Introduction. Male infertility is known to contribute about half of all infertility cases. In Ghana, the prevalence of male infertility is higher (15.8%) than in females (11.8%). Sperm quality is associated with the likelihood of pregnancy and known to be the cause of male fertility problems 90% of the time. Exposure to certain environmental factors reduces semen quality in men. The study examined the effects of environmental and lifestyle factors on semen quality in Ghanaian men. Materials and Methods. This was a cross-sectional study involving 80 apparent healthy adult males in their reproductive age. Participants were males referred to the laboratory (Immunology Unit of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital) for semen analysis test and/or culture and sensitivity. Participants were made to fill out a questionnaire which entailed selected environmental factors (accidents or trauma, exposure to chemicals, radiation, and heat) and lifestyle habits (including alcohol consumption, smoking, and whether participants sat more or less than 4 hours per day). Semen samples were then collected by masturbation into sterile containers and analysed in accordance with WHO guidance for semen analysis within 60 minutes after ejaculation and collection. Results. About 69% of participants had semen pH within the normal range compared to 15% whose pH were lower than 7.2. There was a significantly high number of immotile sperm cells ( p value = 0.017) in participants who sat for more than 4 hours as compared to those that sat for less than 4 hours in a day. Active sperm motility and viability showed significant increase ( p value = 0.002 and 0.009, respectively) in participants who kept their cell phones in their side pockets. Smoking produced a twofold decrease in sperm count as smokers had a significantly lower sperm count ( 12.28 ± 10.95 × 10 6 /ml) compared to the smoke-free ( 23.85 ± 22.14 × 10 6 /ml). For exposure to STDs, no significant differences were recorded among study groups concerning semen quality. Conclusion. Sperm quality in Ghanaian men is associated with lifestyle habits. Smoking and sitting for long hours influenced sperm motility and count, respectively. Knowledge of the factors that influence sperm quality in this geographical region can contribute to informed decisions on effective management of infertility in Ghanaian men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Lifestyle and Environmental Factors on Semen Quality in Ghanaian Men

Blay

Pinamang

Sagoe

et al. 2020

International Journal of Reproductive Medicine

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“…following the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommendations [ 12 ]. First, cigarette price increases through higher taxation is considered to be one of the most effective strategies to reduce tobacco use and to motivate smoking cessation [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. According to the World Bank [ 16 ], when the price of cigarettes was raised by 10%, tobacco consumption decreased by 4% in high-income countries, 8% in mid-to low-income countries, and the smoking rates has decreased by 2% and 4%, respectively.…”

Section: Literature Review and Hypothesis Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Negative Emotions Pre- and Post-Implementation of Graphic Health Warnings: Longitudinal Evidence from South Korea

Lee

Chun

Lee

2020

IJERPH

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This longitudinal study investigated the factors that determine the effectiveness of graphic health warnings (GHWs) by comparing 246 South Korean smoker’s responses before and after the introduction of the country’s new tobacco control policy wherein GHWs were placed on all cigarette packaging. Even though introducing GHWs did not cause immediate changes in smokers’ intention to quit smoking or perception of smoking’s health risk, GHWs eventually motivated smokers to quit smoking when they experienced negative emotional responses to the newly introduced graphic warnings on cigarette packaging. More importantly, this study found that positive changes in smokers’ perceived risk associated with smoking due to the introduction of GHWs mediated a positive relationship between changes in smokers’ negative emotions (NE) from text-only warnings to graphic warnings and changes in their intention to quit smoking during the same period. Based on these results, the authors suggest that, for GHW policy to be more effective in motivating smoking cessation, the warnings need to convey images sufficiently unpleasant to induce negative emotional responses among smokers.

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“…The degree of nicotine dependency was graded by using the FTND score, which consisted of six questions: number of cigarettes smoked per day (≤10 = 0; 11-20 = 1; 21-30 = 2; ≥31 = 3); time to first cigarette of the day (>60 minutes = 0; 31-60 minutes = 1; 6-30 minutes = 2; 0-5 minutes = 3); difficulty not smoking in no-smoking areas (no = 0; yes = 1); which cigarette would the smoker hate most to give up (first of the morning = 1; others = 0); smoke more frequently in first hours after waking (no = 0; yes = 1); and smoke when ill in bed (no = 0; yes = 1). The degree of nicotine dependency was graded by using the FTND score, with suggested thresholds for mild (0-3), moderate (4-6), and severe (7)(8)(9)(10).…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the 2017 World Health Organization report [1][2][3][4][5] , tobacco smoking remains a major worldwide public health threat, with >7 million deaths directly related to tobacco. Many studies have recognized smoking as a risk factor for chronic diseases, such as chronic respiratory diseases (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), hypertension, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, and microbial infections (respiratory infections, bacterial meningitis) 6,7 . Smoking also interventions and services are largely unknown in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nomogram to predict successful smoking cessation in a Chinese outpatient population

Zhu¹,

Lin²,

Cao³

et al. 2020

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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burdens healthcare systems and increases social costs. Given the impact of cigarette smoking, the development of effective interventions to address tobacco addiction is a major public health need. There are 350 million smokers in China, which accounts for one-third of the world's smokers 8. Unfortunately, smoking cessation services and counseling are at an early stage of development in China. Moreover, healthcare workers in China do not exert much effort in helping smokers to quit tobacco use 9. Therefore, the effectiveness of existing smoking cessation ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION The study aimed to establish and internally validate a nomogram to predict successful smoking cessation in a Chinese outpatient population. METHODS A total of 278 participants were included, and data were collected from March 2016 to December 2018. Predictors for successful smoking cessation were evaluated by 3-month sustained abstinence rates. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to select variables for the model to predict successful smoking cessation, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to establish a novel predictive model. The discriminatory ability, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the nomogram were determined by the concordance index (C-index), calibration plot, and decision curve analysis, respectively. Internal validation with bootstrapping was performed. RESULTS The nomogram included living with a smoker or experiencing workplace smoking, number of outpatient department visits, reason for quitting tobacco, and varenicline use. The nomogram demonstrated valuable predictive performance, with a C-index of 0.816 and good calibration. A high C-index of 0.804 was reached with interval validation. Decision curve analysis revealed that the nomogram for predicting successful smoking cessation was clinically significant when intervention was conducted at a successful cessation of smoking possibility threshold of 19%. CONCLUSIONS This novel nomogram for successful smoking cessation can be conveniently used to predict successful cessation of smoking in outpatients.

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Impact of cigarette taxes on smoking prevalence from 2001-2015: A report using the Behavioral and Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS)

Cited by 57 publications

References 16 publications

Influence of Lifestyle and Environmental Factors on Semen Quality in Ghanaian Men

Influence of Lifestyle and Environmental Factors on Semen Quality in Ghanaian Men

The Role of Negative Emotions Pre- and Post-Implementation of Graphic Health Warnings: Longitudinal Evidence from South Korea

Nomogram to predict successful smoking cessation in a Chinese outpatient population

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