Impact of climate change environmental conditions on the resilience of different formulations of the biocontrol agent Candida sake CPA-1 on grapes

Abstract

The interaction between environmental factors that are expected to occur in response to climate change (CC) will have a significant impact on food security and availability. Little information exists on how elevated temperature, drought stress and increased CO will have on the efficacy of biocontrol agents. The impact of these factors on the viability of different formulations of the biocontrol yeast Candida sake on the surface of grapes berries was evaluated for the first time. Such knowledge is critical for projecting the efficacy of biocontrol under climate change conditions and to identify formulations that have the necessary resilience to perform under CC conditions.

Novel film‐forming formulations of the biocontrol agent Candida sake CPA‐1: biocontrol efficacy and performance at field conditions in organic wine grapes

“…Efficacy of these novel formulations was successfully tested against B. cinerea on grapes under laboratory conditions. Additionally, the impact of environmental conditions forecasted under climate change scenarios on the resilience of the solid film‐forming formulations of CPA‐1 was examined for projecting the efficacy and resilience of these BCA formulations under expected environmental conditions . Because of the enormous challenge presented by real ‘on‐field’ application of biological control strategies, microbe‐plant interaction, and the inherent variability of the field environment, there is a need for more scientific data to further confirm the efficacy of these novel film‐forming formulations.…”

Verifying the biocontrol activity of novel film‐forming formulations of Candida sake CPA‐1: resilience in relation to environmental factors, rainfall episodes, and control of Botrytis cinerea on different hosts

“…In previous studies, different coating‐forming dispersions also improved the viability of C. sake CPA‐1 cells applied on grapes and incubated at 20 °C for 24 h and 7 days . Both solid formulations had been applied previously on table grapes incubated at 35 °C to evaluate the impact of climate change on C. sake CPA‐1 resilience, and in that case, table grapes could be incubated up to 96 h, although CPA‐1 had a lower resilience at 35 °C with the existing CO 2 concentration (400 ppm) . Calvo‐Garrido et al .…”

“…Candida sake cells on berry surfaces were quantified as described by Carbó et al . with minor modifications.…”

“…At the end of the optimization of a biocontrol product, experts should be able to answer many questions about advantages over other products, efficacy, survival under abiotic conditions, or market size . In connection with this, the development process of both film‐forming CPA‐1 formulations was followed stepwise to provide satisfactory answers to these questions …”

“…29 In connection with this, the development process of both film-forming CPA-1 formulations was followed stepwise to provide satisfactory answers to these questions. 8,17,19,24,30,31 The present study aimed to verify the potential of two recently developed C. sake CPA-1 formulations using a fluidized-bed spray-drying system, 8 and the specific objectives were as follows: (i) to examine CPA-1 resilience on wine grape berries under controlled conditions of temperature (0, 22, and 30 ∘ C) and relative humidity (RH) (40% and 85%); (ii) to determine the effect of simulated rainfall with different rain intensities and rain volumes on CPA-1 formulations applied to wine grapes; (iii) to evaluate the effect of different periods of cell establishment prior to rain wash; and (iv) to test the efficacy of CPA-1 film-forming formulations to control B. cinerea on the surface of different hosts, such as apples, pears and tomatoes.…”