Impact of Climate Change in Eastern Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

This paper reports case studies in eastern Madhya Pradesh -a central Indian province -on community adaptation strategies for sustainable livelihood options. With about 90% of the region being rain-fed, erratic rainfalls in the last fifteen years have caused up to a 60% decrease in crop yields, directly impacting the food security of the region. The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and horticultural expansion are adaptation measures for tackling climate change. The expansion of kitchen gardens from subsistence-level to commercial-level is another significant development in the region. Meanwhile, increased pressure on common lands has caused fuelwood scarcity for households and decreased livestock fodder. While output of most non-timber forest products (NTFPs) has reduced drastically due to unsustainable extraction, production of mahua (Madhuca indica) has not suffered as much, thanks to a community-managed user regime. Community-based institutions have the potential to support the ecosystem-based livelihoods of forestdependent communities.

Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources and its Implications on Biodiversity: A Review

“…Thus, any change in water resources (i.e., quantity and quality) brought on by the effects of climate change on precipitation might result in biodiversity loss (Fonseca, 2022;Habibullah et al, 2022;Nyembo et al, 2022); change in animal behaviour and physiology (Turner et al, 2022); and many other negative impacts (Table 1). (Caten et al, 2017;Fonseca, 2022;Loarie et al, 2009;McCluney et al, 2011;Muluneh, 2021;Nunez et al, 2019;Sushant, 2013;Vásquez-Aguilar et al, 2021;Wiig et al, 2008) Causes a decrease or loss of biodiversity, desiccation, and mortality (Habibullah et al, 2022;Muluneh, 2021;Sternberg et al, 2015;Talukder, 2022;Turner et al, 2022) Change in species reproduction timing, reproductive phenology and growing season, (Leal Filho, 2019;Numata et al, 2022;Nunez et al, 2019;Prato, 2009;Talukder, 2022) Causes physiological stress to species, and lower primary production (Fonseca, 2022;Habibullah et al, 2022;Hunninck et al, 2020;Rose et al, 2014) Change in species population, ecosystem functioning and homogenization (Boone & McCleery, 2023;Chhaytle et al, 2022;Loarie et al, 2009;Muluneh, 2021;Tsalyuk et al, 2019;Valeix et al, 2008) Changes wildlife communities, species compositions and distribution (Boone and McCleery, 2023;Caten et al, 2017;John et al, 2020;<...…”

Understanding the effectiveness of investments in irrigation system modernization: evidence from Madhya Pradesh, India

“…Annual rainfall in Madhya Pradesh ranges from 800 millimetres (mm) to 1,600 mm from west to east, occurring mainly during the monsoon (June to September) (Government of Madhya Pradesh, 2011). Historical analysis of rainfall variability indicates that the summer monsoon (June to September) in central India has changed significantly between 1950 and 2000 (Sushant, 2013). The frequency of days with heavy rainfall (100 mm/day) increased from 45 to 65 days per year, while the frequency of extreme rainfall events (150 mm/day) has doubled from 9 to 18 days per year during this period (Sushant, 2013).…”

“…Historical analysis of rainfall variability indicates that the summer monsoon (June to September) in central India has changed significantly between 1950 and 2000 (Sushant, 2013). The frequency of days with heavy rainfall (100 mm/day) increased from 45 to 65 days per year, while the frequency of extreme rainfall events (150 mm/day) has doubled from 9 to 18 days per year during this period (Sushant, 2013). In contrast, the frequency of days with moderate rainfall (e.g.…”