Impact of Climate Change on Hydrometeorology and Droughts in the Bilate Watershed, Ethiopia

Orke, Yoseph Arba; Li, Ming Hsu

doi:10.3390/w14050729

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…In agreement with [18,112], it is reported that the Belg season (MAM) in 2008 and 2009 were the driest years on the record in Ethiopia. References [4,113] also showed a decline in rainfall causes an increase in drought duration and frequency for the same years over southern parts of Ethiopia. erefore, the increase of drought indices in these has been observed due to a rainfall deficit in the rainy months of 2008 and 2009. e minim average SPI-3 drought duration was recorded in 2004 and 2017 for all stations.…”

Section: Temporal Monitoring Of Meteorological Droughtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, it has been occurring frequently in all climatic zones and signi cantly a ects crop yields causing a shortage of food as well as animal forage [2,3]. Drought is a complex phenomenon considered a natural hazard causing several environmental, societal, and economic problems [4][5][6][7][8]. Even though drought is a recurring phenomenon and a ects all geographical areas [9], its impacts are more severe in arid and semiarid regions [10] where there already exists high natural variability in the rainfall pattern [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meteorological Drought Monitoring Based on Satellite CHIRPS Product over Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Shalishe

Bhowmick

Elias

2022

Advances in Meteorology

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Drought is a frequent occurrence in semidesert areas of southern Ethiopia that significantly affect regional, social, economic, and environmental conditions. Lack of rainfall monitoring network, instrument measurement, and failure are major bottlenecks for agro-and hydroclimate research in developing countries. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of CHIRPS rainfall product and to assess meteorological drought using SPI for the period 2000 to 2020 over Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia. The performance of CHIRPS v2 was assessed and compared to station observations (2000–2020) in the study domain to derive SPI on a three-month timescale. The Pearson correlation coefficient (R), bias, probability of bias (PBias), mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and Nash simulation efficiency (NSE) values across the zone for CHIRPS v2 were found to be 0.88, 1.02, 2.56, 0.25, 22.41, 33.14, and 0.77, respectively. The results indicate that CHIRPS performed good ability to analyze the drought characteristics in the Gamo Zone. The spatial and temporal distribution method of meteorological drought has been evaluated using the Climate Data Tool (CDT). The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was computed using the gamma distribution method. The magnitude of (SPI-3) of monthly and seasonal (MAM) meteorological drought in the zone from 2000 to 2020. The result shows that the known historic drought years (2014, 2015, 2010, 2009, and 2008) were indicated very well. Furthermore, sever and extreme droughts were observed in 2008 and 2009 with drought duration of 6.7 and 6.3, respectively, in most areas of the zone. Hence, this study revealed that CHIRPS can be a useful supplement for measuring rainfall data to estimate rainfall and drought monitoring in this region.

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Section: Temporal Monitoring Of Meteorological Droughtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meteorological Drought Monitoring Based on Satellite CHIRPS Product over Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Shalishe

Bhowmick

Elias

2022

Advances in Meteorology

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“…Estimation of crop land biomass statistical simulation result, can be potentially indicate for rein fed crop land soil mineralized drained soil index for biomass statistics value below 0.25 (FAO ASIS, 2022). Due to rainfall variability factor, highlands of the study area agronomic activities was indicated crop nutrient loss like nitrogen fertilizer (Orke & Li, 2022). As result it is more important to focus on main or wet season to quantify farm land nitrogen leaching\runoff loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling canopy water content in the assessment for rainfall induced surface and groundwater nitrate contamination index from cropland N-fertilizer in Bilate downstream

Assa

Bhowmick

Elias

2023

Preprint

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Crop canopy water content and crop root zone soil water content have been predicted and observed for estimation of crop water balance for the rainy season nitrate runoff and leaching index of the Bilate watershed cropland. For the calibration of earth data observation, the watershed rain gauge station estimated the pattern of rainfall for the main cropping season of crop growth. Cropping season (Apr, May and Jun) monthly mean rainfall between (125mm/month to 165 mm/month) of agro metrological station has predicted time series crop canopy water in the analysis for crop land nitrate-nitrogen leaching/runoff index for the quantification of groundwater and surface runoff nitrate from the Bilate watershed farming zone. May and June were the months in which crops grew in the cropland of the study area, as indicated by the crop biomass statistics from MODIS 006 MOD13Q1-EVI of (Mine 0.19 and Max, 0.57) which is the average crop coefficient Kc for crop growth curve analyzed for model crop parameter. Hyper-spectral indices derived from enhanced vegetation indices (EVI) have been calculated for the analysis of crop zonal biomass statistics (kc) and integrated into the prediction model. The objective of the current research was to predict crop canopy water content in order to determine crop water balance for farmland Nitrogen Nitrate (NO− 3-N) runoff\leaching index for surface and groundwater pollution in the Bilate downstream. The overall predicted result of crop canopy water content has been validated with a regression coefficient (R2) with observed crop root zone soil water content. And the crop land nitrogen balance has been used to confirm the nitrate-nitrogen leaching and runoff index for the study area by comparing the current result with the crop land nitrogen balance.

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“…There are few studies that focus mainly on watershed level within Ethiopia (Abrha & Hagos, 2019; Awetu & Kenea, 2023; Gari et al, 2018; Gebeyehu et al, 2019; Orke & Li, 2022; Yisehak et al, 2021). Most subnational research has concentrated on the northern and central regions of the nation except very few studies (e.g., Gebeyehu et al (2019) and Orke and Li (2022)). However, these studies employed fewer climate models, smaller watersheds, or shorter observational data periods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of drought in southern Ethiopia from 1981 to 2100

Mena,

Kenea,

Yate

2023

Intl Journal of Climatology

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We assess the spatiotemporal characteristics of historical and projected future drought over southern Ethiopia using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index and the K‐means clustering method. Historical assessment is done for the period 1981–2018 while projected drought is analysed over two consecutive future periods, that is, 2021–2060 (near future) and 2061–2100 (far future). Projected drought events are identified under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 climate scenarios based on three RCMs selected after performance evaluation. Modified Mann–Kendall trend test is applied to determine trends and significance at the 5% significance level. The results reveal broadly diverse and heterogeneous spatiotemporal characteristics both over the historical and future periods. Droughts of various frequencies, durations, and magnitudes are observed amongst stations, while trends generally lack spatial coherence. The year 1984 is noted to be the driest year in the historical period while the years 1982, 2009, and 1991 are with the driest March–May (MAM), June–August (JJA), and September–November (SON) seasons, respectively. Compared to the historical period, the frequency, magnitude, and duration of drought events are projected to decrease in the near future and increase in the far future. The frequency of drought events in SON and JJA seasons are projected to increase in the near future and far future, respectively, under both scenarios. More number of station shows a wetting tendency in the historical period while more number of stations exhibit a drying tendency during the projected future periods under the two scenarios. Since complex drought characteristics are observed both in the historical and future periods, rigorous local‐scale drought monitoring and management is recommended.

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Impact of Climate Change on Hydrometeorology and Droughts in the Bilate Watershed, Ethiopia

Cited by 21 publications

References 110 publications

Meteorological Drought Monitoring Based on Satellite CHIRPS Product over Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Meteorological Drought Monitoring Based on Satellite CHIRPS Product over Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Modeling canopy water content in the assessment for rainfall induced surface and groundwater nitrate contamination index from cropland N-fertilizer in Bilate downstream

Spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of drought in southern Ethiopia from 1981 to 2100

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