Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and Its Mitigation Strategies: A Review

Abstract

Climate change is a global threat to the food and nutritional security of the world. As greenhouse-gas emissions in the atmosphere are increasing, the temperature is also rising due to the greenhouse effect. The average global temperature is increasing continuously and is predicted to rise by 2 °C until 2100, which would cause substantial economic losses at the global level. The concentration of CO2, which accounts for a major proportion of greenhouse gases, is increasing at an alarming rate, and has led to higher growth and plant productivity due to increased photosynthesis, but increased temperature offsets this effect as it leads to increased crop respiration rate and evapotranspiration, higher pest infestation, a shift in weed flora, and reduced crop duration. Climate change also affects the microbial population and their enzymatic activities in soil. This paper reviews the information collected through the literature regarding the issue of climate change, its possible causes, its projection in the near future, its impact on the agriculture sector as an influence on physiological and metabolic activities of plants, and its potential and reported implications for growth and plant productivity, pest infestation, and mitigation strategies and their economic impact.

Revitalizing Fertility of Nutrient-Deficient Virgin Sandy Soil Using Leguminous Biocompost Boosts Phaseolus vulgaris Performance

“…Climate change, as one of the major challenges facing the world at present, has negatively affected agricultural lands. Furthermore, future changes in climatic events are expected to worsen [ 58 ], particularly in arid and semi-arid regions [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. As a consequence, soils have lost much of their fertility, threatening the food security of the world [ 58 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ].…”

“…Furthermore, future changes in climatic events are expected to worsen [ 58 ], particularly in arid and semi-arid regions [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. As a consequence, soils have lost much of their fertility, threatening the food security of the world [ 58 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ]. Accordingly, to maintain sustainable agricultural development, virgin (unused) lands that can be cultivated with more organic and less chemical fertilization, are being, or should be, used to minimize pollutants to produce clean agricultural products free of pollution [ 71 ].…”

Impact of Climate Change on Rice and Wheat Yield in Punjab State of India: A District-Level Analysis

“…Rainwater harvesting, creating awareness among farmers, broadening the view of extension department for various adaptative policies to combat the climate impact on wheat and rice (Mahmood et al, 2012). Meanwhile, to prevent the damage or death of plants at maturity stage or reproductive stage either by increase/decrease in minimum or maximum temperature on wheat and rice can be controlled by using water-saving (stress-tolerant varieties of seeds & crop diversification), carbon management (managing the legumes and crop residual), knowledge or smart movement like (extension program and emphasis on research) can help to minimize the impact of climate change to some extent (Malhi et al, 2021). Therefore, the Punjab government should take appropriate policy measures to maintain the consistency of the largest shareholder in the food basket of the country after the green revolution and also to manage the water-led facility.…”

Application of Zeolites in Agriculture and Other Potential Uses: A Review

“…In addition to the scenario of soil resources' depletion, the situation regarding climate change is added and has caused diverse ecological responses in crops [14,15]. Global warming increases the frequency of exposure to extreme temperatures in crops, increasing the risk of a water deficit, and therefore, can cause damage to production and quality [16,17]; higher temperatures also affect plants' ability to obtain and use moisture (increased evapotranspiration) [18].…”