Impact of climate on the evolution of vegetation in tectonically active Karewa basin, Kashmir Himalayas

Farooqui, Anjum; Pillai, Suresh K; Agnihotri, Deepa; Khan, Salman; Tewari, Rajni; Shukla, Sunil Kumar; Ali, Sajid; Trivedi, Anjali; Pandita, Shevita; Kumar, Kamlesh; Bhat, G D; Agnihotri, Rajesh

doi:10.1007/s12040-021-01586-2

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…LC is closely related to the photosynthesis of vegetation. Under drought conditions, vegetation reduces its water loss by decreasing leaf area and lowering light saturation point, which results in impaired ATP synthesis and reduced carboxylase activity, resulting in impaired leaf photosynthesis and thus reduced LC fixation [87]. Pulsed precipitation can briefly mitigate vegetation drought conditions and provide good moisture conditions for vegetation photosynthesis, thus increasing LC accumulation.…”

Section: Desert-scrubs' Vsi Correlated With Soil and Leaf Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Sensitivity of the Arid Scrublands on the Tibetan Plateau Mediated by Plant Nutrient Traits and Soil Nutrient Availability

Chen

et al. 2022

Remote Sensing

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Climate models predict the further intensification of global warming in the future. Drylands, as one of the most fragile ecosystems, are vulnerable to changes in temperature, precipitation, and drought extremes. However, it is still unclear how plant traits interact with soil properties to regulate drylands’ responses to seasonal and interannual climate change. The vegetation sensitivity index (VSI) of desert scrubs in the Qaidam Basin (NE Tibetan Plateau) was assessed by summarizing the relative contributions of temperature (SGST), precipitation (SGSP), and drought (temperature vegetation dryness index, STVDI) to the dynamics of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) during plant growing months yearly from 2000 to 2015. Nutrient contents, including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in topsoils and leaves of plants, were measured for seven types of desert scrub communities at 22 sites in the summer of 2016. Multiple linear and structural equation models were used to reveal how leaf and soil nutrient regimes affect desert scrubs’ sensitivity to climate variability. The results showed that total soil nitrogen (STN) and leaf carbon content (LC), respectively, explained 25.9% and 17.0% of the VSI variance across different scrub communities. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that STN and total soil potassium (STK) mediated desert scrub’s VSI indirectly via SGST (with standardized path strength of −0.35 and +0.32, respectively) while LC indirectly via SGST and SGSP (with standardized path strength of −0.31 and −0.19, respectively). Neither soil nor leave nutrient contents alone could explain the VSI variance across different sites, except for the indirect influences of STN and STK via STVDI (−0.18 and 0.16, respectively). Overall, this study disentangled the relative importance of plant nutrient traits and soil nutrient availability in mediating the climatic sensitivity of desert scrubs in the Tibetan Plateau. Integrating soil nutrient availability with plant functional traits together is recommended to better understand the mechanisms behind dryland dynamics under global climate change.

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Section: Desert-scrubs' Vsi Correlated With Soil and Leaf Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Sensitivity of the Arid Scrublands on the Tibetan Plateau Mediated by Plant Nutrient Traits and Soil Nutrient Availability

Chen

et al. 2022

Remote Sensing

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“…There has been a single study from the Ganga plains using sponge spicules for Holocene climatic interpretations (Tripathi et al, 2017). Sponge spicules have been recovered in Pleistocene sediments from the Kashmir valley from the fluvio-lacustrine to the lacustrine ecosystem of Karewa Lake (Farooqui et al, 2021). Every biogenic material is characterized by its own dynamic stable isotope fingerprint (Wada, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring hydroecology and climatic variability since ~4.6 ka from palynological, sedimentological and environmental perspectives in an Ox-bow lake, Central Ganga Plain, India

Farooqui¹,

Khan²,

Agnihotri³

et al. 2023

The Holocene

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The Ganga-Sai River Interfluve contains several ox-bow lakes in the fertile Central Ganga plains (CGP). A ~2.20-meter deep sedimentary profile obtained near the Chandra Shekhar Azad bird sanctuary (Nawabganj lake-NL) of the CGP was studied to understand the evolution of the ecosystem and climate using pollen/spores, diatoms, testate amoebae, environmental magnetic data,and carbon and nitrogen isotopes. This sedimentary profile is chronologically well-constrained by five radiocarbon (14C) dates. Between 4.6 and 4.4 ka, the sandy sediment and pollen evidence for riparian forest, the absence of aquatic pollen and sponge spicules suggest scant water in the vicinity through the river channel. A semi-closed fluvial ecosystem between 4.4 and 4.2 ka is indicated by testate amoebae, sponge spicules and arboreal pollen. At least two intermittent warm conditions prevailed between 4.6 and 4.2 ka. Between 4.2 and 2.8 ka, high aquatic pollen, diatoms and testate amoebae indicate a lake ecosystem. By ~2.8–0.9 ka the gammoscleres from sponges formed during dry seasons indicate recharging during monsoon as the river shifted. Thereafter, agricultural pollen ( Brassica and Apiaceae) indicates a further shift in the lake boundary exposing land. The highly sandy texture, fluctuating δ13C, δ15N and magnetic mineral values indicate an unstable fluvio-lacustrine deposition inducing hydroecological changes influenced by intermittent about 5–6 humid and dry climatic conditions since ~4.6 ka to present. The calcrete layer in the bottom sediments shows high aridity in CGP between ~5 and 4.6 ka reaching the climax cold-dry event of ~4.2 ka recorded worldwide. The spectral analysis of palynological data from NL and the contemporary Barela Lake, reveals de Vries and Gleissberg cycles of low and high solar irradiance at centennial to multi-centennial scale during the Holocene. The impact on vegetation, sediment depositional dynamics, and shift in river channel was more rapid showing the dominance of ~200 years. periodicity post ~5 ka as compared to ~300 years of dominance prior to this. This centennial timescale is of great speculation for future climate predictions in CGP coupled with the anthropogenic forcings.

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“…This is inevitable for prior the pollen analysis of sediment cores/profiles in order to reconstruct past vegetation and climatic changes in any region. Some studies have been executed concerning pollen deposition pattern in relation to modern vegetation and the regions of Spiti (Chauhan et al, 2000), Parvati valley (Chauhan et al, 2022; Farooqui et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent pollen spectra from Shimla water catchment sanctuary, Kufri (HP): Implications to interpret Holocene pollen records

Trivedi,

Morthekai,

Shukla

et al. 2023

Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India

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A better understanding on the connection between pollen assemblages and the vegetation that produced them is crucial to reconstruct past habitats and vegetation. Hence, it is necessary to comprehend the level of representation of plants in the modern pollen rain in a given study area. To ascertain the composition of pollen deposited on the surface sediments, palynological analysis of 19 surface soil (SS) samples and moss cushions (MSs) taken from various sites on the surface of the Shimla Water Catchment Wildlife Sanctuary (SWCWS), Kufri, Himachal Pradesh (India) was used in the current study. The dominance of arboreal pollen (trees and shrubs) over the non-arboreal pollen (herbs) was observed. Among the trees, conifers such as Cedrus deodara, Pinus wallichiana, Picea smithiana and Abies pindrow were found in MSs as well as in SS samples. The representation of these taxa corresponds with their factual presence in the forest floristics in the region. The moist and shady habitats loving broad-leaved tree elements such as Quercus and Rhododendron were also found in good numbers. Two multivariate statistical methods, cluster analysis and principal components analysis, were used to study the associations of studies pollen taxa and the variability among them. All the 19 samples were clustered into four. This analysis will help to interpret the palaeodata whether the landscape was influenced by anthropogenic activities or not in the recent past.

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Impact of climate on the evolution of vegetation in tectonically active Karewa basin, Kashmir Himalayas

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Climate Sensitivity of the Arid Scrublands on the Tibetan Plateau Mediated by Plant Nutrient Traits and Soil Nutrient Availability

Climate Sensitivity of the Arid Scrublands on the Tibetan Plateau Mediated by Plant Nutrient Traits and Soil Nutrient Availability

Monitoring hydroecology and climatic variability since ~4.6 ka from palynological, sedimentological and environmental perspectives in an Ox-bow lake, Central Ganga Plain, India

Recent pollen spectra from Shimla water catchment sanctuary, Kufri (HP): Implications to interpret Holocene pollen records

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