Impact of Clinical Salmonellosis in Veal Calves on the Recovery of<i>Salmonella</i>in Lymph Nodes at Harvest

Muñoz-Vargas, Lohendy; Finney, Sarah; Hutchinson, Holden C.; Masterson, Margaret A.; Habing, Gregory

doi:10.1089/fpd.2017.2303

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Another shared feature in food animals is that S. Newport isolates are more likely resistant to various cephalosporins. Current studies also confirmed that S. Newport samplings from cattle and ground beef exhibited 64.3% ( Munoz-Vargas et al, 2017 ) and 40% ( Iwamoto et al, 2017 ) resistance to extend-spectrum cephalosporins, respectively. The CEP, FEP, and CAZ, belonging to cephem class, and aztreonam (ATM) belonging to monobactam class, are the detected classifiers in animal sub-populations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Multiple Food-Animal-Borne Route in Transmission of Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella Newport to Humans

Pan

Paudyal

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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Characterization of transmission routes of Salmonella among various food-animal reservoirs and their antibiogram is crucial for appropriate intervention and medical treatment. Here, we analyzed 3728 Salmonella enterica serovar Newport (S. Newport) isolates collected from various food-animals, retail meats and humans in the United States between 1996 and 2015, based on their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) toward 27 antibiotics. Random Forest and Hierarchical Clustering statistic was used to group the isolates according to their MICs. Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis was used to identify the appropriate antibiotic and its cut-off value between human- and animal-population. Two distinct populations were revealed based on the MICs of individual strain by both methods, with the animal population having significantly higher MICs which correlates to antibiotic-resistance (AR) phenotype. Only ∼9.7% (267/2763) human isolates could be attributed to food–animal origins. Furthermore, the isolates of animal origin had less diverse antibiogram than human isolates (P < 0.001), suggesting multiple sources involved in human infections. CART identified trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to be the best classifier for differentiating the animal and human isolates. Additionally, two typical AR patterns, MDR-Amp and Tet-SDR dominant in bovine- or turkey-population, were identified, indicating that distinct food-animal sources could be involved in human infections. The AR analysis suggested fluoroquinolones (i.e., ciprofloxacin), but not extended-spectrum cephalosporins (i.e., ceftriaxone, cefoxitin), is the adaptive choice for empirical therapy. Antibiotic-resistant S. Newport from humans has multiple origins, with distinct food-animal-borne route contributing to a significant proportion of heterogeneous isolates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Multiple Food-Animal-Borne Route in Transmission of Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella Newport to Humans

Pan

Paudyal

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Furthermore, most auction facilities cannot be effectively cleaned and disinfected, and thus, are a common point of direct or indirect transmission of infectious diseases. Multidrug resistant strains of Salmonella spp., a bacterium known for intestinal outbreaks in calf populations, including Dublin, Typhimurium, and Newport are common causes of disease outbreaks at veal and dairy-beef facilities (32). Surplus calves, which frequently have FTPI (11), are particularly at risk for infection.…”

Section: Livestock Auctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importation of calves from multiple farms and commingling within livestock auctions also result in high infectious disease pressure. Severe outbreaks of clinical salmonellosis are relatively common, and result in high levels of mortality in calves (32). "All-in all-out" practices (raising calves in similarly aged groups) and other internal biosecurity measures are commonly utilized; however, the introduction of pathogens will be difficult to control as long as calves are routinely aggregated in livestock auctions prior to arrival at the calf-raiser.…”

Section: Calf Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on the Management of Surplus Dairy Calves in the United States and Canada

et al. 2021

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The care of surplus dairy calves is a significant issue for the United States and Canadian dairy industries. Surplus dairy calves commonly experience poor welfare as evidenced by high levels of mortality and morbidity, and negative affective states resulting from limited opportunities to express natural behaviors. Many of these challenges are a result of a disaggregated production system, beginning with calf management at the dairy farm of origin and ending at a calf-raising facility, with some calves experiencing long-distance transportation and commingling at auction markets or assembly yards in the interim. Thus, the objectives of this narrative review are to highlight specific challenges associated with raising surplus dairy calves in the U.S. and Canada, how these challenges originate and could be addressed, and discuss future directions that may start with refinements of the current system, but ultimately require a system change. The first critical area to address is the management of surplus dairy calves on the dairy farm of origin. Good neonatal calf care reduces the risk of disease and mortality, however, many dairy farms in Canada and the U.S. do not provide sufficient colostrum or nutrition to surplus calves. Transportation and marketing are also major issues. Calves can be transported more than 24 consecutive hours, and most calves are sold through auction markets or assembly yards which increases disease exposure. Management of calves at calf-raisers is another area of concern. Calves are generally housed individually and fed at low planes of nutrition, resulting in poor affective states and high rates of morbidity and mortality. Strategies to manage high-risk calves identified at arrival could be implemented to reduce disease burden, however, increasing the plane of nutrition and improving housing systems will likely have a more significant impact on health and welfare. However, we argue the current system is not sustainable and new solutions for surplus calves should be considered. A coordinated and holistic approach including substantial change on source dairy farms and multiple areas within the system used to market and raise surplus dairy calves, can lead to more sustainable veal and beef production with improved calf outcomes.

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“…However, disruptions in the microbial structure facilitate intestinal colonization of opportunistic enteric pathogens, including Salmonella [ 18 ]. To overcome the colonization resistance, Salmonella uses invasion strategies, the host inflammatory response and the lymphatic system machinery, for survival, proliferation [ 19 ] and systemic dissemination with a subsequent lymph node colonization [ 20 , 21 ]. In an inflamed intestine, Salmonella uses gene-regulated virulence mechanisms mainly guided by the type III secretion system [ 22 ] to compete with the gut commensals, and establish systemic and chronic infections [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal microbiome of periparturient dairy cattle and associations with the onset of Salmonella shedding

et al. 2018

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Non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica is a zoonotic pathogen with critical importance in animal and public health. The persistence of Salmonella on farms affects animal productivity and health, and represents a risk for food safety. The intestinal microbiota plays a fundamental role in the colonization and invasion of this ubiquitous microorganism. To overcome the colonization resistance imparted by the gut microbiome, Salmonella uses invasion strategies and the host inflammatory response to survive, proliferate, and establish infections with diverse clinical manifestations. Cattle serve as reservoirs of Salmonella, and periparturient cows have high prevalence of Salmonella shedding; however, little is known about the association between the gut microbiome and the onset of Salmonella shedding during the periparturient period. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the association between changes in bacterial communities and the onset of Salmonella shedding in cattle approaching parturition. In a prospective cohort study, fecal samples from 98 dairy cows originating from four different farms were collected at four time points relative to calving (-3 wks, -1 wk, +1 wk, +3 wks). All 392 samples were cultured for Salmonella. Sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina platform was completed to evaluate the fecal microbiome in a selected sample subset. Analyses of microbial composition, diversity, and structure were performed according to time points, farm, and Salmonella onset status. Individual cow fecal microbiomes, predominated by Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Spirochaetes, and Proteobacteria phyla, significantly changed before and after parturition. Microbial communities from different farms were distinguishable based on multivariate analysis. Although there were significant differences in some bacterial taxa between Salmonella positive and negative samples, our results did not identify differences in the fecal microbial diversity or structure for cows with and without the onset of Salmonella shedding. These data suggest that determinants other than the significant changes in the fecal microbiome influence the periparturient onset of Salmonella shedding in dairy cattle.

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Impact of Clinical Salmonellosis in Veal Calves on the Recovery ofSalmonellain Lymph Nodes at Harvest

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Multiple Food-Animal-Borne Route in Transmission of Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella Newport to Humans

Multiple Food-Animal-Borne Route in Transmission of Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella Newport to Humans

Perspectives on the Management of Surplus Dairy Calves in the United States and Canada

Fecal microbiome of periparturient dairy cattle and associations with the onset of Salmonella shedding

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