Impact of Clouds on Surface Radiative Fluxes and Snowmelt in the Arctic and Subarctic

Zhang, Tingjun; Stamnes, Knut; Bowling, Sue Ann

doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2110:iocosr>2.0.co;2

Cited by 99 publications

(80 citation statements)

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“…Clouds both reflect incoming solar radiation and enhance the downward longwave flux by emitting infrared radiation (Ramanathan et al, 1989;Curry et al, 1993;Zhang et al, 1996). As one of the primary determinants of the surface energy balance (Curry and Ebert, 1992;Curry et al, 1993;Mauritsen et al, 2011;Sedlar et al, 2011) they influence the freezing, melting and thickness of the perennial sea ice (Maykut and Untersteiner, 1971;Kay and Gettelman, 2009).…”

Section: P Kupiszewski Et Al: Vertical Profiling Of Aerosol Particlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical profiling of aerosol particles and trace gases over the central Arctic Ocean during summer

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Unique measurements of vertical size-resolved aerosol particle concentrations, trace gas concentrations and meteorological data were obtained during the Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS, www.ascos.se), an International Polar Year project aimed at establishing the processes responsible for formation and evolution of low-level clouds over the high Arctic summer pack ice. The experiment was conducted from on board the Swedish icebreaker Oden, and provided both ship-and helicopter-based measurements. This study focuses on the vertical helicopter profiles and onboard measurements obtained during a three-week period when Oden was anchored to a drifting ice floe, and sheds light on the characteristics of Arctic aerosol particles and their distribution throughout the lower atmosphere. Distinct differences in aerosol particle characteristics within defined atmospheric layers are identified. Within the lowermost couple hundred metres, transport from the marginal ice zone (MIZ), condensational growth and cloud processing develop the aerosol population. During two of the four representative periods defined in this study, such influence is shown. At altitudes above about 1 km, long-range transport occurs frequently. However, only infrequently does large-scale subsidence descend such air masses to become entrained into the mixed layer in the high Arctic, and therefore long-range transport plumes are unlikely to directly influence low-level stratiform cloud formation. Nonetheless, such plumes can influence the radiative balance of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) by influencing formation and evolution of higher clouds, as well as through precipitation transport of particles downwards. New particle formation was occasionally observed, particularly in the near-surface layer. We hypothesize that the origin of these ultrafine particles could be in biological processes, both primary and secondary, within the open leads between the pack ice and/or along the MIZ. In general, local sources, in combination with upstream boundary-layer transport of precursor gases from the MIZ, are considered to constitute the origin of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) particles and thus be of importance for the formation of interior Arctic low-level clouds during summer, and subsequently, through cloud influences, for the melting and freezing of sea ice.

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Section: P Kupiszewski Et Al: Vertical Profiling Of Aerosol Particlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical profiling of aerosol particles and trace gases over the central Arctic Ocean during summer

et al. 2013

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“…It is well known that cloud cover has a dramatic effect on the surface energy balance over snow (e.g., Male and Granger, 1981). At high latitudes the net effect of cloud cover on the surface energy balance is generally positive: increased downward longwave radiation from cloud overwhelms the decreased net surface solar radiation, partly because of the high albedo of the snow-covered surface (Ambach, 1974;Zhang et al, 1996). Zhang et al (1996) found that the surface net radiation balance under cloudy conditions depended strongly on cloud microphysical properties, cloud base temperature, and cloud thickness, and variability in these properties could produce variations in the onset of snow melt of more than a month.…”

Section: B Cold Snow -Vapour Deposition Feedback?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At high latitudes the net effect of cloud cover on the surface energy balance is generally positive: increased downward longwave radiation from cloud overwhelms the decreased net surface solar radiation, partly because of the high albedo of the snow-covered surface (Ambach, 1974;Zhang et al, 1996). Zhang et al (1996) found that the surface net radiation balance under cloudy conditions depended strongly on cloud microphysical properties, cloud base temperature, and cloud thickness, and variability in these properties could produce variations in the onset of snow melt of more than a month. Radar studies have shown that numerical weather prediction models frequently overpredict high cloud and underpredict low cloud (Hudak et al, 2004;Hogan et al, 2001;Hinkelman et al, 1999).…”

Section: B Cold Snow -Vapour Deposition Feedback?mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the simulation of regional scale sublimation over boreal and agricultural landscapes in a climate model

et al. 2006

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(2006) On the simulation of regional scale sublimation over boreal and agricultural landscapes in a climate model, 44:3,[289][290][291][292][293][294][295][296][297][298][299][300][301][302][303][304] DOI: 10.3137 de 0,16 et 0,09, respectivement, pour RÉSUMÉ [Traduit par la rédaction] Dans cette étude, nous faisons une évaluation détaillée de la sublimation à l'échelle régionale pour deux types de surfaces contrastants, d'après les observations et les simulations d'un modèle climatique régional. De nouvelles estimations (fondées sur des observations) des fractions d'évaporation (sublimation/précipitations) à l'échelle régionale basées sur des données de télédétection et sur les données climatiques d'une grille de surface suggèrent des valeurs

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“…Curry and Ebert (1992), Schweiger and Key (1994), Zhang et al (1996), and Walsh and Chapman (1998) all have shown that the net effect of polar clouds is to warm the surface during all but short durations of the high-sun season. Intrieri et al (2002b) and Persson et al (2002) confirmed these results during the SHEBA experiment.…”

Section: Surface Heat Budgetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Heat Transfer in the Lower Atmosphere over the Arctic Ocean During Clear-sky Periods

Mirocha

Kosović

2005

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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Abstract. A diagnostic study of heat transfer within the lower atmosphere and between the atmosphere and the surface of the Arctic Ocean snow/ice pack during clear-sky conditions is conducted using data from the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) field experiment. Surface heat budgets computed for four cloudy and four clear periods show that, while the net turbulent heat fluxes at the surface are small during the cloudy periods, during the clear-sky periods they are a considerable source of surface heating, balancing significant portions of the conductive heat fluxes from within the snow/ice pack. Analysis of the dynamics and thermodynamics of the lower atmosphere during the clear-sky periods reveals that a considerable portion of the heat lost to the surface by turbulent heat fluxes is balanced by locally strong heating near the atmospheric boundary-layer (ABL) top due to the interaction of subsiding motions with the strong overlying temperature inversions surmounting the ABL. This heat is then entrained into the ABL and transported to the surface by turbulent mixing, maintained by a combination of vertical wind shear and wave-turbulence interactions. The frequency of stable, clear-sky periods, particularly during the winter, combined with these results, suggests that the downward transfer of heat through the lower atmosphere and into the surface represents an important component of the heat budgets of the lower atmosphere and snow/ice pack over the annual cycle.

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Impact of Clouds on Surface Radiative Fluxes and Snowmelt in the Arctic and Subarctic

Cited by 99 publications

References 0 publications

Vertical profiling of aerosol particles and trace gases over the central Arctic Ocean during summer

Vertical profiling of aerosol particles and trace gases over the central Arctic Ocean during summer

On the simulation of regional scale sublimation over boreal and agricultural landscapes in a climate model

Vertical Heat Transfer in the Lower Atmosphere over the Arctic Ocean During Clear-sky Periods

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