Impact of cobalt content and grain growth inhibitors in laser-based powder bed fusion of WC-Co

Schwanekamp, Tobias; Mărginean, Gabriela; Reuber, Martin; Ostendorf, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2022.105814

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…22,23 As a result, this not only exacerbates the C-loss to form more ƞ phases but also induces the numerous graphite phases. 17,24 Both ultimately deteriorate the mechanical properties of the cemented carbide. Apparently, mixing the excessive C additive approach used in the sintering technology is not applicable to the carbon compensation during LPBF because of distinct thermal conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The insufficient C content makes the ratio of W/C beyond the thermodynamically stable region and thus forms ƞ phase during the cooling process 16 . Compared with slow sintering process, LPBF is characterized by the much higher temperature and faster cooling rate 17 . When the laser interacts with powder to generate extremely high temperature, a large number of Co–W–C ternary liquids are more rapidly formed 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This further aggravates the decarbonization reaction of cemented carbides. On the other hand, the fast cooling rate results in the supersaturated solid solution of W and C in Co and thus promotes the formation of ƞ phase 17 . As a result, LPBF tends to form more ƞ phases than traditional liquid sintering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the undissolved carbon black immediately transforms into graphite phase with the high temperature during LPBF 22,23 . As a result, this not only exacerbates the C‐loss to form more ƞ phases but also induces the numerous graphite phases 17,24 . Both ultimately deteriorate the mechanical properties of the cemented carbide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the fast cooling rate results in the supersaturated solid solution of W and C in Co and thus promotes the formation of ƞ phase. 17 As a result, LPBF tends to form more ƞ phases than traditional liquid sintering. In other word, it is much more difficult for LPBF to avoid the formation of ƞ phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Elimination of ƞ phase in WC–Co cemented carbides during laser powder bed fusion by powder coating compensation strategy

et al. 2022

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The formation of ƞ phase induced by the C-loss for the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of WC-Co cemented carbides largely deteriorates the fracture toughness. The current approach of mixing C additive into powder cannot mitigate the ƞ phase formation. This study proposed a new carbon compensation strategy of coating carbon resource on powder surface by fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition to address this issue. C nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were selectively deposited on WC-Co powder to make uniform C-and CNTs-coated powders by tuning the deposition temperature. Compared with CNTs-coated powder and C-WC-Co powder mixtures, the C-coated powder was more effective in impeding the ƞ phase formation because it had higher reactivity and stronger dissolution ability to compensate the C-loss in the Co-W-C liquid. However, the single-carbon compensation was not enough to eliminate the ƞ phase due to the extreme nonequilibrium characteristics of LPBF, which required secondary heat treatment. The conventional heat treatment procedure of 1000 • C for 3 h eliminated the ƞ phase for the C-coated powder but failed for the C-WC-12Co powder mixtures. Because of the absence of ƞ phase, the heattreated sample made from C-coated powder exhibited the highest transverse rupture strength.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Elimination of ƞ phase in WC–Co cemented carbides during laser powder bed fusion by powder coating compensation strategy

et al. 2022

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Cold Isostatic Pressing Effect on the WC-15 wt.% Co Hard Alloy Strength

Sheremet,

Akimov,

Andreev

et al. 2024

Strength Mater

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WC Grain Growth Behavior During Selective Laser Melting of WC–Co Cemented Carbides

Liu

Chen

Lü

et al. 2023

Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.)

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Scanning strategy is a critical parameter for selective laser melting (SLM) processing of metals, alloys as well as metalceramic composites, while related research has rarely been reported yet, especially for additive manufacturing of WC-Co cemented carbides. In this study, three scanning strategies, i.e., stripe, checkerboard, and spiral scanning, were used for additive manufacturing of WC-32Co cemented carbides. Checkerboard scanning leads to the highest relative density of 96%. Stripe scanning results in the largest average WC grain size followed by checkerboard and spiral scanning. SLM-processed carbides demonstrate agglomeration of WC grains mixed with isolated Co pools and pores. The WC grain growth mechanisms of SLM-processed cemented carbides include mosaic agglomeration growth and incomplete and uneven step growth regardless of scanning strategies.

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Impact of cobalt content and grain growth inhibitors in laser-based powder bed fusion of WC-Co

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

Elimination of ƞ phase in WC–Co cemented carbides during laser powder bed fusion by powder coating compensation strategy

Elimination of ƞ phase in WC–Co cemented carbides during laser powder bed fusion by powder coating compensation strategy

Cold Isostatic Pressing Effect on the WC-15 wt.% Co Hard Alloy Strength

WC Grain Growth Behavior During Selective Laser Melting of WC–Co Cemented Carbides

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