Impact of Community Intervention to Reduce Patient Delay Time on Use of Reperfusion Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction Rapid Early Action for Coronary Treatment (REACT) Trial

Abstract

Abstract. Background: Reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a time-dependent intervention that can reduce infarct-related morbidity and mortality. Out-of-hospital patient delay from symptom onset until emergency department (ED) presentation may reduce the expected benefit of reperfusion therapy. Objective: To determine the impact of a community educational intervention to reduce patient delay time on the use of reperfusion therapy for AMI. Methods: This was a randomized, controlled community-based trial to enhance patient recognition of AMI symptoms and encourage early ED presentation with resultant increased reperfusion therapy rates for AMI. The study took place in 44 hospitals in 20 pair-matched communities in five U.S. geographic regions. Eligible study subjects were noninstitutionalized patients without chest injury (aged Ն30 years) who were admitted to participating hospitals and who received a hospital discharge diagnosis of AMI (ICD 410); n = 4,885. For outcome assessment, patients were excluded if they were without survival data (n = 402), enrolled in thrombolytic trials (n = 61), receiving reperfusion therapy >12 hours after ED arrival (n = 628), or missing symptom onset or reperfusion times (n = 781). The applied intervention was an educational program targeting community organizations and the general public, high-risk patients, and health professionals in target communities. The primary outcome was a change in the proportion of AMI patients receiving early reperfusion therapy (i.e., within one hour of ED arrival or within six hours of symptom onset). Trends in reperfusion therapy rates were determined after adjustment for patient demographics, presenting blood pressure, cardiac history, and insurance status. Four-month baseline was compared with the 18-month intervention period. Results: Of 3,013 selected AMI patients, 40% received reperfusion therapy. Eighteen percent received therapy within one hour of ED arrival (46% of treated patients), and 32% within six hours of symptom onset (80% of treated patients). No significant difference in the trends in reperfusion therapy rates was attributable to the intervention, although increases in early reperfusion therapy rates were noted during the first six months of the intervention. A significant association of early reperfusion therapy use with ambulance use was identified. Conclusions: Community-wide educational efforts to enhance patient response to AMI symptoms may not translate into sustained changes in reperfusion practices. However, an increased odds for early reperfusion therapy use during the initiation of the intervention and the association of early therapy with ambulance use suggest that reperfusion therapy rates can be enhanced.

Part 10: Acute Coronary Syndromes

“…24,25 For patients at risk for ACS (and for their families), primary care physicians and other healthcare providers should consider discussing the appropriate use of aspirin and activation of EMS system. Furthermore, an awareness of the location of the nearest hospital that offers 24-hour emergency cardiovascular care can also be included in this discussion.…”

Use of Emergency Medical Services in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Subsequent Quality of Care

“…The primary REACT study population differed from that of the present study in that the present study focused only on patients who were admitted to the hospital and were subsequently found to have an acute MI. Hedges et al, 16 in a subset of the REACT study population with acute MI, reported that 40% were transported by EMS. Furthermore, these investigators observed that the rate of reperfusion therapy within 6 hours of symptom onset was significantly greater for acute MI patients when transported by EMS (36% versus 24%, PϽ0.0001).…”

“…Furthermore, these investigators observed that the rate of reperfusion therapy within 6 hours of symptom onset was significantly greater for acute MI patients when transported by EMS (36% versus 24%, PϽ0.0001). 16 …”

Reducing Delay in Seeking Treatment by Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome and Stroke

“…84,106 Deference toward physicians causes delays when symptoms occur during off hours. 90,107 Persons who call a physician are less likely to use EMS. 108 Patients who use EMS receive reperfusion therapy faster than those who do not.…”