Impact of COVID-19 on Acute Myocardial Infarction: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis

Nanavaty, Dhairya; Sinha, Rishav; Kaul, Diksha; Sanghvi, Ankushi; Kumar, Vikash; Vachhani, Bhavyakumar; Singh, Sohrab; Devarakonda, Pradeepkumar; Reddy, Sarath; Verghese, Dhiran

doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102030

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Nanavaty D et al stated that COVID-19 was independently associated with an increased mortality, longer length of hospitalization and higher total hospitalization cost. In their study, all-cause mortality was significantly higher in the AMI and COVID-19 group, along with higher rates of cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, acute organ failure, hemodialysis, and invasive ventilation [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Acute Myocardial Infarction during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Long-Term Outcomes and Prognosis—A Systematic Review

Rus,

Ardelean,

Andronie-Cioara

et al. 2024

Life

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was a global pandemic with high mortality and morbidity that led to an increased health burden all over the world. Although the virus mostly affects the pulmonary tract, cardiovascular implications are often observed among COVID-19 patients and are predictive of poor outcomes. Increased values of myocardial biomarkers such as troponin I or NT-proBNP were proven to be risk factors for respiratory failure. Although the risk of acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) was greater in the acute phase of COVID-19, there were lower rates of hospitalization for ACSs, due to patients’ hesitation in presenting at the hospital. Hospitalized ACSs patients with COVID-19 infection had a prolonged symptom-to-first-medical-contact time, and longer door-to-balloon time. The mechanisms of myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients are still not entirely clear; however, the most frequently implicated factors include the downregulation of ACE2 receptors, endothelial dysfunction, pro-coagulant status, and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the long-term outcomes and prognosis of COVID-19 survivors that presented an acute myocardial infarction, by reviewing existing data. The importance of the association between this infectious disease and myocardial infarction arises from the increased mortality of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and AMI (10–76%, compared with 4.6% for NSTEMI patients and 7% for STEMI patients without COVID-19). The literature review showed an increased risk of cardiovascular events in COVID-19 survivors compared with the general population, even after the acute phase of the disease, with poorer long-term outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Acute Myocardial Infarction during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Long-Term Outcomes and Prognosis—A Systematic Review

Rus,

Ardelean,

Andronie-Cioara

et al. 2024

Life

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“…Table 1 presents the different types of myocardial infarctions with their characteristics, causes, primary treatment, as well as their specific significance and challenges in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic [3,5,6]. 1.…”

Section: Myocardial Infarctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. General classification of myocardial infarction types and their association with COVID-19 infection [3,5,6].…”

Section: Myocardial Infarctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of myocardial infarctions: an overview of current research

Roman,

Gondko,

Dębiec

et al. 2024

J Educ Health Sport

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Introduction and Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, particularly impacting the management of critical non-COVID conditions such as myocardial infarction (MI). This review aims to explore the alterations in the management of MI during the pandemic and assess how these changes have influenced patient outcomes. State of Knowledge: Numerous studies have reported delays in MI treatment during the pandemic due to healthcare resource reallocation towards COVID-19 care and patient hesitance in seeking timely medical help. Innovations such as telemedicine have been integrated into patient care to overcome barriers. However, these changes have varied impacts on clinical outcomes, including increased mortality and complication rates among MI patients during the pandemic. This review consolidates findings from recent studies focusing on altered treatment protocols, patient care strategies, and overall health system response during this period. Summary: The management of myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 pandemic has witnessed substantial shifts, leading to both challenges and innovations in cardiac care. While some adjustments have provided temporary solutions, the overall impact on MI outcomes has highlighted the need for more resilient healthcare strategies that ensure the continuity of care for acute cardiac events during global health emergencies.

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“…Several past studies using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database have evaluated different aspects of how the virus influenced the odds and outcomes of AMI patients in 2020 [15][16][17][18]. These studies have offered valuable insights into the intersection of COVID-19 and cardiovascular health, underscoring the increased risks and challenges encountered by individuals affected by both conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparities and Outcomes in the First and Second Year of the Pandemic on Events of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients

Dhaliwal,

Sekhon,

Rajotia

et al. 2024

Medicina

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Background and Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused several cardiovascular complications, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in infected patients. This study aims to understand the overall trends of AMI among COVID-19 patients during the first two years of the pandemic and the disparities and outcomes between the first and second years. Materials and Methods: The retrospective analysis was conducted via the 2020 and 2021 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for hospitalizations between April 2020 and December 2021 being analyzed for adults with a primary diagnosis of COVID-19 who experienced events of AMI. A comparison of month-to-month events of AMI and mortality of AMI patients with concomitant COVID-19 was made alongside their respective patient characteristics. Results: Out of 2,541,992 COVID-19 hospitalized patients, 3.55% experienced AMI. The highest rate of AMI was in December 2021 (4.35%). No statistical differences in trends of AMI mortality were noted over the 21 months. AMI cases in 2021 had higher odds of undergoing PCI (aOR 1.627, p < 0.01). They experienced higher risks of acute kidney injury (aOR 1.078, p < 0.01), acute ischemic stroke (aOR 1.215, p < 0.01), cardiac arrest (aOR 1.106, p < 0.01), need for mechanical ventilation (aOR 1.133, p < 0.01), and all-cause mortality (aOR 1.032, 95% CI 1.001–1.064, p = 0.043). Conclusions: The incidence of AMI among COVID-19 patients fluctuated over the 21 months of this study, with a peak in December 2021. COVID-19 patients reporting AMI in 2021 experienced higher overall odds of multiple complications, which could relate to the exhaustive burden of the pandemic in 2021 on healthcare, the changing impact of the virus variants, and the hesitancy of infected patients to seek care.

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Impact of COVID-19 on Acute Myocardial Infarction: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Acute Myocardial Infarction during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Long-Term Outcomes and Prognosis—A Systematic Review

Acute Myocardial Infarction during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Long-Term Outcomes and Prognosis—A Systematic Review

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of myocardial infarctions: an overview of current research

Disparities and Outcomes in the First and Second Year of the Pandemic on Events of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients

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