Impact of COVID-19 on Acute Viral Bronchiolitis Hospitalization Among Infants in North India

Takia, Lalit; Awasthi, Puspraj; Angurana, Suresh Kumar

doi:10.1007/s12098-021-03905-3

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…During the COVID-19 era between November 2019 to February 2020 (pre-pandemic) and November 2020 to February 2021 (pandemic), the number of bronchiolitis hospitalizations declined dramatically. In line with our results, multiple publications in Brazil, North India, the US, and the United Kingdom reported identical reductions [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Additionally, a local study in Saudi Arabia reported a major reduction in bronchiolitis admissions by more than half in 2020 compared with that in the past 2 years, although it was statistically insignificant ( p = 0.07) [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Epidemiology and Risk Factor Analysis of Children with Bronchiolitis Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit at a Tertiary Care Center in Saudi Arabia

et al. 2023

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Bronchiolitis is a leading cause of hospitalization worldwide for children aged ≤2 years. Few studies have compared general ward and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions, particularly in Saudi Arabia. This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of children with bronchiolitis admitted to the general ward with those admitted to the PICU. Children (≤6 years) previously diagnosed with bronchiolitis and admitted to the PICU or general ward at a tertiary center in Saudi Arabia between May 2016 and May 2021 were included. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used to identify respiratory viruses. Of the 417 patients enrolled, 67 (16.06%) were admitted to the PICU. The PICU group was younger (median, 2 months; interquartile range [IQR], 1–5 months) vs. (6 months; IQR, 2.65–13.25 months). There was a dramatic reduction in bronchiolitis admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The most common causative virus was respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (54.9%). In the multivariate regression analysis, hypoxia, hyperinflation on X-ray, and non-RSV bronchiolitis were independently associated with PICU admission. However, a higher chronological age and cough were protective. Children with Down syndrome, immunodeficiency, or neuromuscular disorders, and intermediate preterm infants (29–33 weeks of gestation) are at a high risk of PICU admission (adjusted odds ratio: 2.4, 7.1, 2.9, and 2.9; p = 0.037, 0.046, 0.033, and 0.029, respectively). Bronchiolitis is still one of the leading causes of PICU admission. Particular attention should be paid to preventive measures, especially in the post-COVID-19 era, targeting high-risk groups.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Epidemiology and Risk Factor Analysis of Children with Bronchiolitis Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit at a Tertiary Care Center in Saudi Arabia

et al. 2023

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“…However, comparable findings indicating a decrease in the detection rate of respiratory viruses were found in other countries [39,40]. Since there was a significant decrease in admissions for AVB in our tertiary care hospital from March 2020 to July 2021 (p = 0.001) where no patients with AVB required PICU management or ventilator support, hence no laboratory investigations were requested for respiratory viral pathogens, except for SARS-CoV2, by clinicians [41]. As a result, the current study was unable to examine the burden of influenza virus and other NIRVs during that time period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Paradigm shift of respiratory viruses causing lower respiratory tract infection in children during COVID-19 pandemic in India

Kang,

Sarkar,

Angurana

et al. 2023

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs) are the commonest cause of mortality in children mostly attributed to respiratory viruses. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the dynamics and transmission of infections changed worldwide due to widespread public health measures. This study aimed to understand the pattern of respiratory viruses associated with ALRTIs in children pre and during COVID-19 pandemic in India. Methodology: Respiratory samples were collected from ALRTI patients during pre-pandemic period (October 2019 to February 2020; n = 166), Delta (July 2021 to December 2021; n = 78) and Omicron wave (January 2022 to July 2022; n = 111). Samples were screened for Influenza (Inf) A pdmH1N1, InfA H3N2, InfB, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human bocavirus (hBoV), human rhinovirus (hRV), and parainfluenza virus (PIV-2 and PIV-3) by nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAATs). Results: Significantly higher proportion of children with ALRTIs had virus/es isolated during pre-pandemic period than during mid-pandemic period [78.9% (131/166) vs. 52.9% (100/189); p < 0.001). RSV positivity was significantly higher (51.2%) in pre-pandemic period than 10.3% and 0.9% during the Delta and Omicron waves respectively. No significant difference in positivity rate of Inf A pdmH1N1, Inf A H3N2 and Inf B was seen. The increase in positivity of hRV (39.2% vs 42.3% vs 56.8%) and hBOV (1.2% vs 5.1% vs 9%) was documented in pre-pandemic, delta wave and omicron wave respectively. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the frequency and pattern of respiratory viruses among hospitalized children with ALRTIs in India.

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