“…Due to the inability to keep their businesses afloat, many enterprises have been forced to cease operations temporarily or close altogether, as noted by Hasan (2020), Sufian and Hoque (2023), Bagchi (2021) and others. Small businesses have had a particularly hard time with the period of total restrictions, in particular hotels, restaurants, carrier companies, resorts, travel agents and operators, souvenir manufacturers and handicraft shops, the details of which are discussed by Hasan et al (2022). Financial losses of small businesses due to reduced demand increased in proportion to the decrease in the number of customers (from 63.8% in transport services to 94% in handicraft and souvenir shops).…”