Impact of COVID-19 on the Egyptian economy: Economic sectors, jobs, and households

Breisinger, Clemens; Raouf, Mariam; Wiebelt, Manfred; Kamaly, Ahmed; Karara, Mouchera

doi:10.2499/p15738coll2.133764

Cited by 36 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…For instance, on the week of 16 February the popularity index for restaurants and hotels is 67, while the corresponding index on the week of 30 March is 20, showing about a 70 percent reduction in the popularity of Google searches for restaurants and hotels. This contraction in the Google search index is consistent with other recent sources showing that 70 to 80 percent of future hotel bookings was cancelled (ECES 2020), and hotels and foods sector activities are estimated to decline by 60 percent during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year 2019/20 (Breisinger et al 2020b). As part of a gradual reopening strategy, the government allowed hotels to operate at 25 percent capacity starting from 15 May 2020.…”

Section: Loser and Winner Servicessupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Figure 2 shows that Google search intensity for flights did not drop to zero, probably as people continue to search for repatriation and chartered flights. Such decline in air transportation is also predicted by other studies (Breisinger et al 2020b). Figure 3 shows the trend in domestic Google searches for popular tourist attractions in Egypt, which we refer to as domestic tourism.…”

Section: Loser and Winner Servicessupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Furthermore, the government is introducing various initiatives and policy instruments to ease the burden of the pandemic on various sectors, including relaxing credit limits for businesses, providing tax-based incentives, instituting export bans, increasing pensions, and expanding cash transfer programs. 2 Such policy responses are expected to varyingly cushion the economic impact of the pandemic on different sectors (Breisinger et al 2020a;Breisinger et al 2020b). However, the effectiveness of these policy responses will heavily depend on whether these programs are welltargeted and informed by evidence on the breadth of the damage to each sector.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our focus on services is motivated by evolving evidence showing that Egypt's services are hardest hit by the pandemic, e.g., Breisinger et. al (2020a;2020b). The Google search index measures the extent to which a particular term or service is searched using the Google search engine.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Winners and losers from COVID-19: Evidence from Google search data for Egypt

Abay¹,

Ibrahim²

2020

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Background and motivation COVID-19 is disrupting the livelihoods of billions of people across the globe. Besides the obvious health impacts and death tolls caused by COVID-19, there have been and will be severe damages to national and global economies. Travel restrictions as well as business closure across many countries of the world have left many people unemployed. These economic consequences are expected to vary across countries, depending on the spread and intensity of the pandemic and Evolving pieces of evidence show that services are hardest hit by the COVID-19 pandemic, both globally and in Egypt. Employing Google search data, we examine the implications of COVID-19 on demand for various services in Egypt. • We find that demand for those services that require face-to-face interaction, including hotels and restaurants, air travel and tourism services, significantly dipped after Egypt detected the first COVID-19 case and more so after the Egyptian government introduced major restrictions and curfews. For instance, in the first two months of the outbreak of the pandemic, February and March, demand for hotel and restaurant services contracted by about 70 percent.

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Section: Loser and Winner Servicessupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Loser and Winner Servicessupporting

confidence: 76%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Winners and losers from COVID-19: Evidence from Google search data for Egypt

Abay¹,

Ibrahim²

2020

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“…For example, some sectors are likely to experience a disproportionally higher impact associated with social distancing and lockdown measures. For example, several recent economywide analyses of the impact of the pandemic show that services are the most affected sectors (e.g., Breisinger et al, 2020). Abay et al (2020) show that those sectors and services involving face-to-face interactions experience much higher loss in demand for services, while those services meant to substitute personal interactions (e.g., ICT services) enjoy a significant boost in demand.…”

Section: Empirical Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of COVID-19 on Food Security: Panel Data Evidence from Nigeria

et al. 2020

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This paper combines pre-pandemic face-to-face survey data with follow up phone surveys collected in April-May 2020 to quantify the overall and differential impacts of COVID-19 on household food security, labor market participation and local food prices in Nigeria. We exploit spatial variation in exposure to COVID-19 related infections and lockdown measures along with temporal differences in our outcomes of interest using a difference-indifference approach. We find that those households exposed to higher COVID-19 cases or mobility lockdowns experience a significant increase in measures of food insecurity. Examining possible transmission channels for this effect, we find that COVID-19 significantly reduces labor market participation and increases food prices. We find that impacts differ by economic activities and households. For instance, lockdown measures increased households' experience of food insecurity by 13 percentage points and reduced the probability of participation in non-farm business activities by 11 percentage points. These lockdown measures have smaller impacts on wage-related activities and farming activities. In terms of food security, households relying on non-farm businesses, poorer households, those with school-aged children, and those living in remote and conflicted-affected zones have experienced relatively larger deteriorations in food security. These findings can help inform immediate and medium-term policy responses, including social protection policies aiming at ameliorating the impacts of the pandemic, as well as guide targeting strategies of governments and international donor agencies by identifying the most impacted sub-populations.

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The role of green finance to achieve sustainability through green supply chain management and innovative technologies

Kholaif,

Tang

2024

Sustainable Development

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This study investigates the impact of green finance (GF) on sustainable development and green supply chains, particularly in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. It explores how GF influences firms' economic, environmental, and social sustainability, with a focus on the moderating effects of modern technologies like big data analytics (BDA) and blockchain. The research is based on data collected from 562 managers in Egypt's industrial and manufacturing sectors through a survey conducted between November 18th, 2023, and January 12th, 2024. The survey, which used a five‐point Likert scale, was distributed via both traditional and electronic methods, and its reliability was ensured through a pilot phase involving seven academics and five SC practitioners. The data was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling, chosen for its effectiveness with non‐normal data distributions. The Bootstrapping method with 5000 iterations was employed to validate the model. The findings reveal that GF significantly enhances green supply chain management (GSCM), particularly when moderated by BDA, though blockchain technology does not have a significant moderating effect. Additionally, GSCM is found to positively influence the environmental and social dimensions of sustainable development, mediating the relationship between GF and these sustainability outcomes. This study provides valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers, emphasizing the critical role of GF and BDA in fostering sustainable development, especially within the Egyptian industrial and manufacturing sectors.

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Impact of COVID-19 on the Egyptian economy: Economic sectors, jobs, and households

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Winners and losers from COVID-19: Evidence from Google search data for Egypt

Winners and losers from COVID-19: Evidence from Google search data for Egypt

Impacts of COVID-19 on Food Security: Panel Data Evidence from Nigeria

The role of green finance to achieve sustainability through green supply chain management and innovative technologies

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