Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on nurses’ mental health: A prospective cohort study

Sampaio, Francisco; Sequeira, Carlos; Teixeira, Laetitia

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.110620

Cited by 166 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Longitudinal studies will provide important information; for example, a study that analyzed the change of Spanish nurses’ mental health status over the Covid-19 outbreak, found that changes occurred in three stages: in the early stage their experience was mainly being ambivalent, as they were torn between a sense of professional mission and fear of being infected; the middle stage was characterized by anxiety, depression, somatisation, compulsiveness, fear, and irritation; and in the later stage psychological adaptation began to occur, through feelings of meaningfulness of the work. According to the study, only variables directly related to the Covid-19 outbreak that were predictive factors of change, over time, in depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were ‘the fear to infect others’ and ‘the fear to be infected’ [ 132 ]. In the light of our review, this emphasises the importance of understanding the pathways between biological hazards and psychosocial risks, the importance of monitoring the health and wellbeing of HCWs, evaluation of the efficiency of different interventions, and the development of new risk mitigation strategies and measures to match the lived reality of HCWs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scoping Review of Psychosocial Risks to Health Workers during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Franklin

Gkiouleka

2021

IJERPH

104

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The Covid-19 pandemic has exposed health workers to a diverse set of hazards impacting their physical, psychological and social wellbeing. This review aims to provide an overview of the categories of the psychosocial risk factors and hazards affecting HCWs during the Covid-19 pandemic and the recommendations for prevention. We used the scoping review methodology to collate categories of psychosocial risks, the related health outcomes, interventions, and data gaps. The review was conducted on global peer-reviewed academic and authoritative grey literature, published between 1. January–26. October 2020; in total, 220 articles were included into the review and the subsequent analysis. Analysis of the extracted data found PSRs related to four sources: personal protective equipment (PPE), job content, work organisation, and social context. is. Women health workers and nurses reported worst health outcomes. Majority of the research to date concerns health workers in secondary care, while data on psychosocial risks at primary and community-based settings are scarce. However, the emerging research implies that the pandemic creates psychosocial risks also to non-clinical health workers. The intervention and mitigation measures address individual and organisational levels. Preventative and mitigating measures for social and societal risks—such as staff shortages, intersecting inequalities, and financial stressors require further research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scoping Review of Psychosocial Risks to Health Workers during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Franklin

Gkiouleka

2021

IJERPH

104

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“…The results showed that younger nurses reported higher worries about infecting their family members than older nurses, as well as higher worries about their colleagues and patients' health. Therefore, as a result of this emotional state, younger nurses might be at greater risk for developing stress ( 13 ), thus suggesting healthcare organization should pay attention to safeguarding young nurses during this pandemic. Moreover, frontline nurses perceived higher levels of perceived ostracism than non-frontline nurses due to their close contact with patients affected by the virus and high worries about infecting their families and loved ones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In pandemic scenarios, all HCWs are at risk of long working hours, higher job demands, psychological distress, fatigue, stigmatization, and physical and psychological violence (2). Studies showed the impact of this critical situation on HCWs' mental health in terms of worries, fatigue, insomnia, anxiety, depression, and stress (8,(11)(12)(13). Moreover, the increased percentage of patient deaths results in an augmented exposure to emotional and psychological suffering: a recent systematic review on HCWs' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic found an anxiety incidence of 24.6%, a depression incidence of 22.8%, and an insomnia incidence of 34.3% (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worries, Preparedness, and Perceived Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Nurses' Mental Health

Galletta

Piras

Finco

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Background: In times of global public health emergency, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses stand at the front line, working in close contact with infected individuals. Being actively engaged in fighting against COVID-19 exposes nurses to a high risk of being infected but can also have a serious impact on their mental health, as they are faced with excessive workload and emotional burden in many front-line operating contexts.Purpose: The aim of the study is to analyze how risk factors such as perceived impact, preparedness to the pandemic, and worries were associated with mental health outcomes (crying, rumination and stress) in nurses.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was performed via an online questionnaire survey. Participants included 894 registered nurses from Italy. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. Multiple binary logistic regression was carried out to analyze the relationship between risk factors and health outcomes.Results: Increased job stress was related to higher levels of rumination about the pandemic (OR = 4.04, p < 0.001), job demand (OR = 2.00, p < 0.001), impact on job role (OR = 2.56, p < 0.001), watching coworkers crying at work (OR = 1.50, p < 0.05), non-work-related concerns (OR = 2.28, p < 0.001), and fear of getting infected (OR = 2.05, p < 0.001). Job stress (OR = 2.52, p < 0.01), rumination (OR = 2.28, p < 0.001), and watching colleagues crying (OR = 7.92, p < 0.001) were associated with crying at work. Rumination was associated with caring for patients who died of COVID-19 (OR = 1.54, p < 0.05), job demand (OR = 1.70, p < 0.01), watching colleagues crying (OR = 1.81, p < 0.001), non-work-related worries (OR = 1.57, p < 0.05), and fear of getting infected (OR = 2.02, p < 0.001).Conclusions: The psychological impact that this pandemic may cause in the medium/long term could be greater than the economical one. This is the main challenge that health organizations will have to face in the future. This study highlights that the perceived impact and worries about the pandemic affect nurses' mental health and can impact on their overall effectiveness during the pandemic. Measures to enhance nurses' protection and to lessen the risk of depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress should be planned promptly.

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“…Furthermore, among the nurses in this study, 35 (19.4%) were under moderate to severe stress, which was higher than nurses in China (0%), and in the general public of South Korea (13.6%). One month after the COVID-19 outbreak, nurses’ depression, anxiety, and stress levels gradually declined, showing a pattern of adaptation to the situation and stabilization [ 13 ]. Since the data in this study were collected four months after the pandemic began, the mental health status of nurses was expected to have stabilized; however, many of the nurses in this study had depression, anxiety, and stress above the moderate level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health Status and Its Influencing Factors: The Case of Nurses Working in COVID-19 Hospitals in South Korea

Kim

Yang

2021

IJERPH

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The mental health of nurses participating in patient care is under threat amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to identify the mental health status (depression, anxiety, and stress) and its influencing factors on nurses who provided patient care at a specialized hospital for COVID-19 in South Korea. Of the 180 nurses who participated in this study, 30.6% had moderate or higher levels of depression, 41% had moderate or higher anxiety levels, and 19.4% had moderate or higher stress levels. In this study, stigma influenced nurses’ mental health, such that the higher the stigma, the higher the nurses’ depression, anxiety, and stress. Depression was higher in female nurses than in male nurses, and stress was higher in charge nurses than nurses in other job positions. Therefore, a management program should be designed to improve the mental health of nurses during the current pandemic. In particular, a solution to reduce stigma is required, and the mental health of female nurses and nurses in leadership roles requires special attention.

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Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on nurses’ mental health: A prospective cohort study

Cited by 166 publications

References 34 publications

A Scoping Review of Psychosocial Risks to Health Workers during the Covid-19 Pandemic

A Scoping Review of Psychosocial Risks to Health Workers during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Worries, Preparedness, and Perceived Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Nurses' Mental Health

Mental Health Status and Its Influencing Factors: The Case of Nurses Working in COVID-19 Hospitals in South Korea

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