Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on prevalence of Clostridioides difficile infection in a UK tertiary centre

Voona, Sanjana; Abdic, Heather; Montgomery, Ros; Clarkson, Annette; Twitchell, Hannah; Hills, Tim; Briggs, Stephen L.; Crooks, Colin J; Monaghan, Tanya

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102479

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Moreover, factors associated with inappropriate testing leading to underdiagnosis of CDI [27], have been eliminated in our case, as described above. Our findings are in contrast with studies revealing a significant decrease in the incidence of CDI during the COVID-19 pandemic [12][13][14]. Moreover, other studies present stable CDI incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period [28][29][30].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the most increased rates of IBD were observed during the second year of the pandemic (March 2021 until March 2022) (). The fatigue and burnout of healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic as the pandemic persisted, could have led to poor implementation of infection control measures such as hand hygiene, environmental cleaning and social distancing [14, 34]. This low compliance with infection control measures could have triggered the increase of the incidence of CDIs per IBD, as the implementation of infection control strategies is considered absolutely necessary to limit the spread of C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…difficile , and additional studies are needed [35]. However, during the pandemic period there were peaks in the incidence, along with the waves of COVID-19 pandemic, as explained above [14, 16, 34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies conducted in the United States of America do not reveal any significant effect of COVID-19 pandemic on CDI rates, despite the increased antimicrobial exposure [10, 11]. In addition, several studies conducted in Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom highlight a decrease of CDI during the pandemic compared to previous years [12–14]. On the contrary, other studies disclose a significant increase of CDI rates between the pandemic and pre-pandemic period [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implication of COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection in a Greek tertiary hospital

Κarampatakis

Tsergouli

Kandilioti

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Introduction. C. difficile infection (CDI) represents an important global threat. In the COVID-19 era, the multifactorial nature of CDI has emerged. Hypothesis – Aim. The aim was to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of CDI in a Greek hospital. Methodology. A retrospective study was performed throughout a 51 month period (January 2018 to March 2022), divided into two periods: pre-pandemic (January 2018 to February 2020) and COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020 to March 2022). The effects of the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period on the incidence of CDI [expressed as infections per 10 000 bed days (IBD)] were studied using interrupted time-series analysis. Results. Throughout the study, there was an increase in the monthly CDI incidence from 0.00 to 11.77 IBD (P<0.001). Interrupted time-series disclosed an increase in CDI incidence during the pre-pandemic period from 0.00 to 3.36 IBD (P<0.001). During the COVID-19 pandemic period the linear trend for monthly CDI rose from 2.65 to 13.93 IBD (P<0.001). The increase rate was higher during the COVID-19 pandemic period (r2 = +0.47) compared to the pre-pandemic period (r1 = +0.16). Conclusion. A significant increase of CDI incidence was observed, with the rate of the rise being more intense during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implication of COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection in a Greek tertiary hospital

Κarampatakis

Tsergouli

Kandilioti

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Additionally, research has indicated that individuals diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are more susceptible to contracting CDI in comparison to those without IBD [ 15 , 16 ]. Moreover, individuals who have contracted severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and those who have recovered from COVID‐19 may be considered high‐risk patients for developing CDI [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Several factors contribute to this increased risk, including frequent use of antimicrobial agents during treatment for COVID‐19‐related complications and potential disruptions to the normal gut microbiota [ 20 ].…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of CDImentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding host immune responses in Clostridioides difficile infection: Implications for pathogenesis and immunotherapy

Wang,

Villafuerte Gálvez,

Lee

et al. 2024

iMeta

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Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is the predominant causative agent of nosocomial diarrhea worldwide. Infection with C. difficile occurs due to the secretion of large glycosylating toxin proteins, which can lead to toxic megacolon or mortality in susceptible hosts. A critical aspect of C. difficile's biology is its ability to persist asymptomatically within the human host. Individuals harboring asymptomatic colonization or experiencing a single episode of C. difficile infection (CDI) without recurrence exhibit heightened immune responses compared to symptomatic counterparts. The significance of these immune responses cannot be overstated, as they play critical roles in the development, progression, prognosis, and outcomes of CDI. Nonetheless, our current comprehension of the immune responses implicated in CDI remains limited. Therefore, further investigation is imperative to elucidate their underlying mechanisms. This review explores recent advancements in comprehending CDI pathogenesis and how the host immune system response influences disease progression and severity, aiming to enhance our capacity to develop immunotherapy‐based treatments for CDI.

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Increase of healthcare-onset Clostridioides difficile infection in adult population since SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A retrospective cohort study in a tertiary care hospital from 2019 to 2022

Maldonado-Barrueco,

Moreno-Ramos,

Díaz-Pollán

et al. 2024

Anaerobe

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Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on prevalence of Clostridioides difficile infection in a UK tertiary centre

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Implication of COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection in a Greek tertiary hospital

Implication of COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection in a Greek tertiary hospital

Understanding host immune responses in Clostridioides difficile infection: Implications for pathogenesis and immunotherapy

Increase of healthcare-onset Clostridioides difficile infection in adult population since SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A retrospective cohort study in a tertiary care hospital from 2019 to 2022

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