Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on socioeconomic and mental health aspects in Nepal

Poudel, Kritika; Subedi, Pramod

doi:10.1177/0020764020942247

Cited by 229 publications

(261 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Nepal imposed a lockdown to control the spread of the coronavirus since 24 March 2020 and partially opened since the first week of September 2020. The lockdown has affected the overall physical, mental, social and spiritual health of the people and posed unique challenges with vulnerable populations and limited resources to respond to the pandemic ( Poudel and Subedi, 2020 ). It has also negatively impacted on education, especially for the agricultural students who should be conducting the practical fieldwork that will not be possible through online classes or videoconferencing ( Thapa et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introduction and Methodsologymentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 impacts on agriculture and food systems in Nepal: Implications for SDGs

Adhikari

Timsina²,

Khadka

et al. 2021

Agricultural Systems

142

111

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The objective of this study was to understand the impacts of COVID-19 crisis in agriculture and food systems in Nepal and assess the effectiveness of measures to deal with this crisis. The study draws policy implications, especially for farming systems resilience and the achievement of SDGs 1 and 2. The findings are based on (i) three panel discussions over six months with policy makers and experts working at grassroots to understand and manage the crisis, (ii) key informants' interviews, and (iii) an extensive literature review. Results revealed that the lockdown and transport restrictions have had severe consequences, raising questions on the achievement of SDGs 1 and 2, especially in the already vulnerable regions dependent on food-aid. This crisis has also exposed the strengths and limitations of both subsistence and commercial farming systems in terms of resiliency, offering important lessons for policy makers. Traditional subsistence farming appears to be somewhat resilient, with a potential to contribute to key pillars of food security, especially access and stability, though with limited contributions to food availability because of low productivity. On the other hand, commercial farming - limited to the periphery of market centres, cities, and emerging towns and in the accessible areas - was more impacted due to the lack of resilient supply networks to reach even the local market. Lower resiliency of commercial farming was also evident because of its growing dependence on inputs (mainly seeds and fertilizer) on distant markets located in foreign countries. The observation of crisis over eight months unleashed by the pandemic clearly revealed that wage labourers, indigenous people, and women from marginalized groups and regions already vulnerable in food security and malnutrition suffered more due to COVID-19 as they lost both external support and the coping mechanisms. The findings have implications for policies to improve both subsistence and commercial farming systems – in particular the former by improving the productivity through quality inputs and by diversifying, promoting and protecting the indigenous food system, while the latter through sustainable intensification by building reliant supply network linking farming with markets and guarantying the supply of inputs.

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Section: Introduction and Methodsologymentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 impacts on agriculture and food systems in Nepal: Implications for SDGs

Adhikari

Timsina²,

Khadka

et al. 2021

Agricultural Systems

142

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Better pre-COVID 19 health and social care systems that have a collaborative or integrated model of care are more likely to be able to support their citizens to cope better. [ 5 6 7 ] There is a large body of publications about collaborative and integrated care and the consistent evidence is that this approach works, especially for mental health conditions and many long-term physical health conditions. [ 8 9 ] The emphasis of much of the work published about collaborative and integrated care has mostly focused on professionals and systems and not so much on the role of the individual.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological impact and psychosocial consequences of the COVID 19 pandemicResilience, mental well-being, and the coronavirus pandemic

Ivbijaro¹,

Brooks²,

Kolkiewicz³

et al. 2020

Indian J Psychiatry

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Since December 2019, the coronavirus (COVID19) outbreak has impacted everyone's daily lives globally, especially those experiencing mental health issues. The well-being and mental healthcare of patients, families, and health-care professionals who have been directly or indirectly affected by this pandemic has not been well addressed. Governments have asked their citizens to take actions, some of which include making sacrifices that may result in dignity violations and moral injury, a term originating in the military to describe the psychological distress that results from actions, or the lack of them, which violate a person's moral or ethical code. Health professionals, individuals, and communities have changed their way of life and working to decrease coronavirus infectivity, causing additional stress and increasing potential for moral injury. It is important to hear the first-hand experience of people affected to understand the new psychosocial stressors that they face in their day to day lives and what they found helpful in managing these. This global survey carried out by the World Dignity Project in collaboration with the Global Mental Health Peer Network is to ensure that the voices of people with lived experience of mental health, their families, and professionals that work with them are heard. Aims: To understand the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on mental health, well-being, and dignity, what has helped and what lessons can be learned to support coping in future. Materials and Methods: Online qualitative and quantitative survey (April 15–June 15, 2020) Participants gave narrative responses to several questions, posting photos or images. Analysis: Narrative responses were analyzed using the Gioia approach, a systematic inductive approach to develop concepts that help make sense of socially constructed worlds. Visual ethnographic data was used to give insight into the participant's socio-cultural context.

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“…The strategy was later changed to a partial lockdown or shutdown in affected districts or municipalities [20]. In Nepal, a few studies indicate psychological consequences of the lockdown [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety and Depression During COVID-19 Pandemic Among Medical Students in Nepal

Risal

Shikhrakar

Mishra

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Medical students’ psychological response to societal lockdown during the covid-19 pandemic has not been studied much. Our aim was to assess levels of anxiety and depression among medical students during the initial stages of the pandemic in Nepal and relate their distress to psychosocial and other relevant situational variables.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with an online questionnaire was conducted among medical students at different colleges in Nepal. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) detected manifestations of anxiety and depression. The covariates were explored by logistic regression analyses.Results: A total 416 medical students [mean age: 22.2 (2.1); males 57.7%, females 42.3%] participated. HADS-anxiety scores [mean: 7.1(4.3)] were significantly and positively correlated with HADS-depression [mean: 5.9 (4.1)] (r=0.695; p<0.001). Point prevalence of total HADS caseness (HADS-T) was 26.7%. Specific HADS-defined caseness were: anxiety (HADS-A) 11.8%, depression (HADS-D) 5.5%, and comorbid anxiety and depression (HADS-cAD) 9.4%. All four types of caseness were significantly more prevalent among students with a history of mental problems (AOR=4.7, 3.2, 2.6, and 3.2 respectively). HADS-T was higher among those with a concurrent physical illness (AOR=2.4). HADS-T, HADS-A and HADS-D scores were higher among the age group >22 years (AOR= 2.2, 2.5 and 4.4 respectively). HADS-cAD was almost three-times higher among those with a possible COVID-19 exposure (AOR=2.8).Conclusion: A significant number of medical students in Nepal suffered from high levels of anxiety and depression during the covid-19 shut-down. The students in the higher (>22 years) age group, those with past mental disorders, a possible covid-19 exposure, and a concurrent physical illness showed elevated levels of anxiety and/or depression.

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Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on socioeconomic and mental health aspects in Nepal

Cited by 229 publications

References 28 publications

COVID-19 impacts on agriculture and food systems in Nepal: Implications for SDGs

COVID-19 impacts on agriculture and food systems in Nepal: Implications for SDGs

Psychological impact and psychosocial consequences of the COVID 19 pandemicResilience, mental well-being, and the coronavirus pandemic

Anxiety and Depression During COVID-19 Pandemic Among Medical Students in Nepal

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