Impact of COVID-19 pandemic response on uptake of routine immunizations in Sindh, Pakistan: An analysis of provincial electronic immunization registry data

Chandir, Subhash; Siddiqi, Danya Arif; Mehmood, Mariam; Setayesh, Hamidreza; Siddique, Muhammad; Mirza, A; Soundardjee, Riswana; Dharma, Vijay Kumar; Shah, Mubarak Taighoon; Abdullah, Sara; Akhter, Mohammed Adil; Khan, Anokhi Ali; Khan, Aamir

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.019

Cited by 196 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

239

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Our model is inline with very recent reports on the decline in pediatric vaccination, that show a substantial impact of the pandemic on routine vaccination in the United States and across the world and concerns around decrease in vaccination worldwide [9] , [10] , [11] . Our results add to the literature by translating possible declines in vaccination to a common benchmark, recognized by infectious disease modelers and policy makers alike.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic on vaccination coverage in children: A case study of measles-containing vaccine administration in the United States (US)

Carias

Pawaskar

Nyaku

et al. 2021

Vaccine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The COVID-19 pandemic and stay-at-home orders have caused an unprecedented decrease in the administration of routinely recommended vaccines. However, the impact of this decrease on overall vaccination coverage in a specific birth cohort is not known. Methods We projected measles vaccinationcoverage for the cohort of children becoming one year old in 2020 in the United States, for different durations of stay-at-home orders, along with varying catch-up vaccination efforts. Results A 15% sustained catch-up rate outside stay-at-home orders (compared to what would be expected via natality information) is necessary to achieve projected vaccination coverage similar to previous years. Permanent decreases in vaccine administration could lead to projected vaccination coverage levels below 80%. Conclusion Modeling measles vaccination coverage under a range of scenarios provides useful information about the potential magnitude and impact of under-immunization. Sustained catch-up efforts are needed to assure that measles vaccination coverage remains high.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic on vaccination coverage in children: A case study of measles-containing vaccine administration in the United States (US)

Carias

Pawaskar

Nyaku

et al. 2021

Vaccine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…With increased poverty and undernutrition, TB cases may surge among these disadvantaged communities. Furthermore, as regular services continue to be disrupted, routine TB immunization programs have been affected, such as in Pakistan, where an over 40% decline in BCG vaccinations has been reported [63].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competing Health Risks Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic and Early Response: A Scoping Review

Baral

Rao

Rwema

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundCOVID-19 has rapidly emerged as a global public health threat with infections recorded in nearly every country. Responses to COVID-19 have varied in intensity and breadth, but generally have included domestic and international travel limitations, closure of non-essential businesses, and repurposing of health services. While these interventions have focused on testing, treatment, and mitigation of COVID-19, there have been reports of interruptions to diagnostic, prevention, and treatment services for other public health threats. We conducted a scoping review to characterize the impact of COVID-19 on HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, sexual and reproductive health, and malnutrition.MethodsA scoping literature review was completed using searches of PubMed and preprint servers (medRxiv/bioRxiv) from January 1st to October 31st, 2020, using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms related to SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 and HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, sexual and reproductive health, and malnutrition. Empiric studies reporting original data collection and mathematical models were included, and available data synthesized by region. Studies were excluded if they were not written in English.ResultsA total of 1604 published papers and 205 preprints met inclusion criteria, including 8.2% (132/1604) of published studies and 10.2% (21/205) of preprints: 7.3% (68/931) on HIV, 7.1% (24/339) on tuberculosis, 11.6% (26/224) on malaria, 7.8% (13/166) on sexual and reproductive health, and 12.1% (16/132) on malnutrition. Thematic results were similar across competing health risks, with substantial indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and response on diagnostic, prevention, and treatment services for HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, sexual and reproductive health, and malnutrition.DiscussionCOVID-19 emerged in the context of existing public health threats that result in millions of deaths every year. Thus, effectively responding to COVID-19 while minimizing the negative impacts of COVID-19 necessitates innovation and integration of existing programs that are often siloed across health systems. Inequities have been a consistent driver of existing health threats; COVID-19 has worsened disparities, reinforcing the need for programs that address structural risks. Data reviewed here suggest that effective strengthening of health systems should include investment in public health with adequate funding to ensure continuity of care for emergent and existing public health threats.

show abstract

“…Much of the literature on the impact of the pandemic on vaccination coverage consists of modeling exercises with hypothetical data, as few studies are available from low- and middle-income countries that included actual measurements of the shortfall. 5 A study in Afghanistan showed that due to Covid-19 spread, polio vaccine coverage was reduced and reported cases increased. 6 At the main university hospital in Saudi Arabia, a retrospective cohort from 2017 to 2020 found that coverage with all childhood immunizations, except for vaccines administered soon after birth were around 20% to 50% lower in 2020 compared with 2017 to 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Missed childhood immunizations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: analyses of routine statistics and of a national household survey

Silveira

Tonial

Maranhão³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction. There is widespread concern that disruption to health services during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to declines in immunization coverage among young children, but there is limited information on the magnitude of such impact. Methods. We used data from two nationwide sources covering the whole of Brazil. Data from the Information System of the National Immunization Program (SIPNI) on the monthly number of vaccine doses administered to young children were analyzed. The second source was a survey in 133 large cities in the 27 states in the country, carried out from August 24-27. Respondents answered a question on whether children under the age of three years had missed any scheduled vaccinations during the pandemic, and available vaccination cards were photographed for later examination. Results. SIPNI data showed that, relative to January and February 2020, there was a decline of about 20% in vaccines administered to children aged two months or older during March and April, when social distancing was at the highest level in the country. After May, vaccination levels returned to pre-pandemic values. Survey data, based on the interviews and on examination of the vaccine cards, showed that 19.0% (95% CI 17.0;21.1%) and 20.6% (95% CI 19.0;23.1%) of children, respectively, had missed immunizations. Missed doses were most common in the North (Amazon) region and least common in the South and Southeast, and also more common among children from poor than from wealthy families. Interpretation. Our results show that the pandemic was associated with a reduction of about 20% in child vaccinations, but this was reverted in recent months. Children from poor families and from the least developed regions of the country were most affected. There is an urgent need to booster immunization activities in the country to compensate for missed doses, and to reduce geographic and socioeconomic inequalities.

show abstract

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic response on uptake of routine immunizations in Sindh, Pakistan: An analysis of provincial electronic immunization registry data

Cited by 196 publications

References 21 publications

Potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic on vaccination coverage in children: A case study of measles-containing vaccine administration in the United States (US)

Potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic on vaccination coverage in children: A case study of measles-containing vaccine administration in the United States (US)

Competing Health Risks Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic and Early Response: A Scoping Review

Missed childhood immunizations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: analyses of routine statistics and of a national household survey

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About