Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the risk of developing long-COVID and on existing long-COVID symptoms: A systematic review

Notarte, Kin Israel; Catahay, Jesus Alfonso; Velasco, Jacqueline Veronica; Pastrana, Adriel; Ver, Abbygail Therese; Pangilinan, Flos Carmeli; Peligro, Princess Juneire; Casimiro, Michael; Guerrero, Jonathan Jaime G.; Gellaco, Ma. Margarita Leticia; Lippi, Giuseppe; Henry, Brandon Michael; Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, César

doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101624

Cited by 374 publications

(336 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Although these ratios are statistically different ( χ 2 =4.06, p =0.04), the association of vaccination status and group is weak ( φc = 0.29). This weak association is consistent with mixed results among emerging investigations that explored the association between vaccination for COVID-19 and developing Long COVID (Notarte et al 2022). Eight of 28 participants (29%) in the Acute Group and 17 of 33 (52%) in the Long COVID group answered Yes to the question “Please list any medical conditions you had prior to having COVID-19” and then provided the prior medical conditions on the similar (Table 5).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Markers of systemic inflammation (e.g., serum-derived IL-6, IL-8, galectin-9, etc.) have been repeatedly identified in patients with Long COVID independent of presenting symptoms (Berentschot et al 2022, Kedor et al 2022, Li et al 2022, Rousseau 2022). However, because the percentage of patients with these inflammatory markers is relatively small (25-50%), it fails to explain a significant fraction of the population of Long COVID patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Post-Concussion Assessment as a diagnostic and mechanistic framework for treating patients with Long COVID

Davidson

Noteboom

Pierro

et al. 2022

Preprint

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IntroductionDespite first coming into view over two years ago, effective diagnostic and treatment pathways for Long COVID continue to evade the medical community. The overlap in neurological-based symptoms and neuroinflammatory origin indicates that the framework of post-concussion syndrome may provide insight into new diagnostics and treatment for patients with Long COVID. The objective of this investigation was to determine whether tools from the four common domains of concussion assessment were sensitive to differentiate between patients with Long COVID from a reference group who was infected with Sars-CoV-2 and does not have Long COVID.MethodsIn this prospective cohort design, each participant self reported their group (Acute, n=28) and Long COVID Group (n=33). Each participant underwent an examination in four assessment categories: symptoms, vestibular nystagmography, Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM), and a series of balance tasks.ResultsTotal Symptom scores were separated into functional classifications and showed clear success as a tool to differentiate between Acute and Long COVID. Five of the 33 people in the Long COVID had detectable central lesions, which increases the risk of developing long COVID by 64% (Relative Risk=1.64). A wide variety of objective and quantitative measures from post-concussion care are sensitive to the Long COVID condition. Prolonged latency during random saccades eye tracking was present (p<0.01, d=0.87) in the Long COVID group corresponding to the King-Devick rapid reading test, which was highly sensitive to Long COVID (p<0.01, d=1.34). ANAM reaction time subtests had similarly large effects (p<0.01, d=0.93-1.09). Balance performance with corrupted sensory feedback was also sensitive (p<0.01, d=0.96).DiscussionOur results indicate that long-standing and validated post-concussion symptom questionnaires may be used for quantifying the severity of Long COVID. Some of the most sensitive measures (especially the King-Devick rapid reading test) are easy to implement clinically and may be effective at tracking patient progress in the context of Long COVID treatment. The results point to wide deficits in motor integration and provide a rationale for treating the subset of Long COVID patients with similar rehabilitation strategies as patients with post-concussion syndrome.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Post-Concussion Assessment as a diagnostic and mechanistic framework for treating patients with Long COVID

Davidson

Noteboom

Pierro

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Overall, the studies reported long-COVID in patents who are not hospitalized. 11 Therefore, our study adds to the literature not only for providing consistent results, but also to show that the bene ts of vaccination on long COVID is also observed in more severe cases (i.e. patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who required hospitalization).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…10 However, only 3.2% of this population required hospitalization during the acute phase. A recent systematic review 11 comprising 6 studies (including preprints) revealed that vaccination before SARS-CoV-2 infection could reduce the risk of subsequent long-COVID. Overall, the studies reported long-COVID in patents who are not hospitalized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination Status and Long COVID Symptoms in Patients Discharged from Hospital

Nascimento

Costa

Ruiz

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Effective vaccination against coronavirus (COVID) mitigates the risk of hospitalizations and mortality but it is unclear whether the vaccination status may influence the post-COVID symptoms in patients who required hospitalization. The available evidence is limited to outpatients with mild cases. Here, we evaluated 412 patients (age: 60 ± 16 years, 65% males) consecutively admitted at two Hospitals in Brazil due to a confirmed case of COVID-19. As compared to patients with complete vaccination (n = 185) before infection/hospitalization, those with no/incomplete vaccination (n = 227) were younger and had a lower frequency of several comorbidities. Data during hospitalization revealed that the no/incomplete vaccination group required more admissions in the intensive care unit, used more corticosteroids and had higher rates of pulmonary embolism/deep venous thrombosis than the complete vaccination group. At 90 days after hospital discharge, patients with no/incomplete vaccination presented a higher frequency of ≥ 1 symptom than patients with complete vaccination: 40 vs. 27%; p = 0.013. After adjustments for confounders, no/incomplete vaccination (OR = 1.819; 95% CI:1.175–2.815), females (OR = 2.435; 95% CI:1.575–3.764) and intensive care unit admission during hospitalization (OR = 1.697; 95% CI:1.062–2.712) were independently associated with ≥ 1 symptom 90-days after hospital discharge. In conclusion, even in patients with more severe COVID-19 infection, vaccination mitigate the probability of long-COVID symptoms.

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“…Current evidence suggests that the risk to develop PCC is relevantly reduced by vaccination with mRNAbased or adenovirus vector-based vaccines. 6 Several studies have been conducted using different study designs and populations, with the majority finding that the risk of PCC is approximately halved in vaccinated compared to non-vaccinated individuals. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] While most studies evaluated symptoms persisting for more than four weeks 8,9,17 or more than 12 weeks 10,12,13,15,16 after SARS-CoV-2 infection, only three assessed symptoms beyond six months and identified a lower 7 or no 11,14 risk reduction with vaccination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post COVID-19 condition after Wildtype, Delta, and Omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination: pooled analysis of two population-based cohorts

Menges

Kaufmann

Amati

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Post COVID-19 condition (PCC) is an important complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting millions worldwide. Further evidence is needed on the risk of PCC after vaccination and infection with newer variants. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and severity of PCC across different variants and vaccination histories. Methods: We used pooled data from 1350 SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals from two representative population-based cohorts in Switzerland, diagnosed between Aug 5, 2020, and Feb 25, 2022. We descriptively analysed the prevalence and severity of PCC, defined as the presence and frequency of PCC-related symptoms six months after infection, among vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals infected with Wildtype, Delta, and Omicron SARS-CoV-2. We used multivariable logistic regression models to assess the association and estimate the risk reduction of PCC after infection with newer variants and prior vaccination. We further assessed associations with the severity of PCC using multinomial logistic regression. To identify groups of individuals with similar symptom patterns and evaluate differences in the presentation of PCC across variants, we performed exploratory hierarchical cluster analyses. Findings: We found strong evidence that vaccinated individuals infected with Omicron had a reduced risk of developing PCC compared to non-vaccinated Wildtype-infected individuals (odds ratio 0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.24-0.68). The risk among non-vaccinated individuals was similar after infection with Delta or Omicron compared to Wildtype SARS-CoV-2. We found no differences in PCC prevalence with respect to the number of received vaccine doses or timing of last vaccination. The prevalence of PCC-related symptoms among vaccinated, Omicron-infected individuals was lower across severity levels. In cluster analyses, we identified four clusters of diverse systemic, neurocognitive, cardiorespiratory, and musculoskeletal symptoms, with similar patterns across variants. Interpretation: The risk of PCC appears to be lowered with infection by the Omicron variant and after prior vaccination. This evidence is crucial to guide future public health measures and vaccination strategies. Study registrations: ISRCTN14990068, ISRCTN18181860

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Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the risk of developing long-COVID and on existing long-COVID symptoms: A systematic review

Cited by 374 publications

References 41 publications

Post-Concussion Assessment as a diagnostic and mechanistic framework for treating patients with Long COVID

Post-Concussion Assessment as a diagnostic and mechanistic framework for treating patients with Long COVID

Vaccination Status and Long COVID Symptoms in Patients Discharged from Hospital

Post COVID-19 condition after Wildtype, Delta, and Omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination: pooled analysis of two population-based cohorts

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