Impact of cows’ milk estrogen on cancer risk

Effects of Milk and Milk Products Consumption on Cancer: A Review

“…In addition, experiments have shown that IGF‐I is likely to be involved in cell transformation because removing or blocking IGF‐I receptors from the cell membrane can abolish viral or cellular oncogene‐induced malignant transformation (Lu and others ). Moreover, estrogens have been implicated in cancer at hormone‐responsive sites, such as the mammary glands, ovaries, endometrium, and prostate gland in males (Parodi ). Modern genetically improved dairy cows continue to lactate throughout almost the entire pregnancy.…”

“…Recent assays revealed that commercial milk would not contain more than 5 pg/mL of free estradiol. Estradiol from dairy products is extensively inactivated in the gastrointestinal tract and only about 5% survives the first pass to the liver (Parodi ). Expected daily estradiol intake from dairy products represents only about 0.25% of the FAO/WHO upper acceptable daily intake of exogenous estradiol.…”

“…Estrogen metabolites (EMs) are considered to be risk factors for multiple reasons: a) increased exposure to EM leads to increased mitotic activity of endometrial cells, b) increased exposure leads to an increase of DNA replication errors, and c) somatic mutations often result in a malignant phenotype (Ganmaa and Sato Recent assays revealed that commercial milk would not contain more than 5 pg/mL of free estradiol. Estradiol from dairy products is extensively inactivated in the gastrointestinal tract and only about 5% survives the first pass to the liver (Parodi 2012). Expected daily estradiol intake from dairy products represents only about 0.25% of the FAO/WHO upper acceptable daily intake of exogenous estradiol.…”

Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of free and conjugated natural estrogens in cow milk without deconjugation

“…Statutory limits for these compounds in milk and in other dairy products have not been established, despite that it has been reported that the excess of estrogens in the human diet can generate endocrine disorders, health diseases, and even cancer [6,7]. It was also suggested that the occurrence of precocious puberty in children and the increased incidence of reproductive disorders, such as poor semen quality, are related to the presence of estrogen residues in food [7] and in particular to the inadvertent assumption of a high quantity of estrogens that are present in milk produced in modern dairy farms [8].…”

“…It was also suggested that the occurrence of precocious puberty in children and the increased incidence of reproductive disorders, such as poor semen quality, are related to the presence of estrogen residues in food [7] and in particular to the inadvertent assumption of a high quantity of estrogens that are present in milk produced in modern dairy farms [8].…”