Impact of crop level and harvest date on anthocyanins and phenolics of red wines from Ontario

Black, Jessa A.K.; Profio, Frederick Di; Dauphin, Valentine Le; Moreno, Luis Hugo; Reynolds, Andrew G.

doi:10.1139/cjps-2016-0033

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Data were collected on: yield components, vine size, berry, must and wine composition (Moreno Luna et al, 2017); winter hardiness and cane carbohydrates (Lefebvre et al, 2015); and individual anthocyanins and phenolics (Black et al, 2016). Wines were produced from each field treatment replicate using standard methods (Reynolds et al, 2007;Di Profio et al, 2011;Moreno Luna et al, 2017).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop Level and Harvest Date Impact on Four Ontario Wine Grape Cultivars. II. Wine Aroma Compounds and Sensory Analysis

Luna

Reynolds

Profio

et al. 2018

sajev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pinot gris, Riesling, Cabernet franc and Cabernet Sauvignon from a vineyard in Virgil, Ontario, Canada were subjected by cluster thinning to two crop-level treatments (full crop, half crop), combined with three harvest dates (commercial harvest (T0), three weeks after T0 (T1), six weeks after T0 (T2)) in a randomised experiment in 2011 and 2012, with wines produced from all treatment replicates. We hypothesised that a full crop with substantially delayed harvest date might have a greater impact on wine aroma than reducing crop level. Wine aroma volatile analysis was carried out by GC-MS, with quantification by calibration with analytical standards prepared in model wine. Delayed harvest overcame the effects of crop reduction for almost all volatiles. Pinot gris and Riesling displayed increases in varietal aromas in the T1 and T2 wines, e.g. monoterpenes and norisoprenoids, and in esters, aldehydes and alcohols. Reduced concentrations of volatile acids and green odour compounds (e.g. 1-hexanol) with delayed harvest were also evident. Increases in ethanol were related to increased berry sugars, but higher alcohols did not necessarily increase with harvest date. Crop level had little impact on the sensory properties of these cultivars in both seasons. However, delayed harvest resulted in substantial sensorial changes. Due to these chemical and sensorial effects, delayed harvest is recommended, rather than crop-level reduction, to enhance wine quality in these cultivars. Extended harvest, e.g. T2 treatments, was associated with the production of benzaldehyde, diethyl acetal, and higher concentrations of higher alcohols, e.g. isoamyl alcohol and nonanol, which could be linked to pre-harvest desiccation. GC-MS sample preparation Aroma analysis by GC-MS was carried out in the 2011 and 2012 wines for the four grape cultivars based on Bowen and Reynolds (2012), with adjustments. A 30 mL sample was taken from each wine treatment replicate immediately prior to bottling, and was kept at 4°C in the presence of N 2 inert gas until analysis. In duplicate, 100 μL of an internal standard, prepared with 10 μL of 98% 1-dodecanol (Aldrich; Oakville, ON) in 10 mL of 100% ethyl alcohol (Commercial Alcohols, Brampton, ON), was poured into a 10 mL volumetric flask, followed by the addition of wine to the mark and mixed. The prepared sample was transferred into a 10 mL Gerstel extraction vial. A 10 mm stir bar ("Twister"; Gerstel, Baltimore, MD), coated with polydimethylsiloxane (0.5 mm film thickness), was added to the sample and it was stirred for 1 hr at 1 000 g for extraction at room temperature. After extraction. the stir bar was removed, rinsed with Milli-Q water (Millipore, Bedford, MA), and dried out with lint-free tissue, then placed in a 4 mL amber vial at 4°C until analysis on the same day. The stir bar was then inserted into the extraction glass tube inside the thermal desorption unit (TDU) attached to GC-MS. GC-MS conditions, and conditioning of material An Agilent 6890N/5975B GC-MS equipped with a Gerstel TDU, cooled inject...

show abstract

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop Level and Harvest Date Impact on Four Ontario Wine Grape Cultivars. II. Wine Aroma Compounds and Sensory Analysis

Luna

Reynolds

Profio

et al. 2018

sajev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although patterns of five anthocyanin monoglucosides increased from H1 to a H4, a peak in main component in Plavac Mali [ 29 , 51 ] malvidin-3- O -glucoside was reached at H3 on both locations with a significant decrease afterwards. On the contrary [ 16 ], an increase in final products of anthocyanin pathway, malvidin- and peonidin-3- O -glucosides, and a decrease in other monoglucoside forms in Cabernet Sauvignon was attributed to an extended harvest date and partly to a late season fungal infections. However, a mismatch in reaching the pattern peak in those compounds due to location is seen in Table 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peak in aromatic and flavor complexity, fruity scents and full body, soft tannins wines are associated to phenolic maturity of the grapes [ 5 , 11 , 15 ]. Extended hang time on the vines in certain vintages gives extraordinary quality [ 3 , 13 , 16 ]; however, compromised wine quality potential is reduction of natural acidity, increase in pH, reduction of anthocyanins, shift in color toward violet, reduction in polyphenols and color [ 11 , 17 ] and a prevalence of cooked, jammy and waxy types of aromas and flavors of raisins [ 1 ]. Selecting the optimal time for grape harvesting is an important decision in grape growing and wine making.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended Harvest Date Alter Flavonoid Composition and Chromatic Characteristics of Plavac Mali (Vitis vinifera L.) Grape Berries

Mucalo

Maletić

Zdunić

2020

Foods

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study delivers a comprehensive flavonoid fingerprint profile, physiochemical and external color characterization of Plavac Mali grapes through four harvest dates at two distinct vineyards (Split and Zadar) in the Eastern Adriatic region. The experimental harvest lasted 56 days, at total soluble solids content from 18.4 to 22.4°Brix in Split and 16.8 to 20.4°Brix in Zadar. Patterns of 27 skin and seed flavonoid compounds at each location indicate unique flavonoid composition of berries at each harvest date. Extended harvest increased six compounds in skin with maximum values of main anthocyanin malvidin-3-O-glucoside in H3 (4406.6 and 6389.5 mg kg−1, Split and Zadar, respectively) followed by a decrease in October. Peak values of seed and skin catechins and galloylated flavan-3-ol subunits are seen in H1 and H2 at Split, while constantly high values are reported in the case of Zadar, with an incoherent pattern of those in skin extracts. Minimal values of epigallocatechin were detected with an extended harvest date at both locations. Berries of extended harvest dates underwent colorimetric improvements, trough decrease in L*, a*, b* and C characteristics and increase in skin color index for red grapes CIRG. The extended harvest date promotes flavonoid composition, and improves the quality of Plavac Mali grape berries.

show abstract

“…Similarly, yearly variations in yeast biodiversity may contribute to differences in the polyphenolic profiles for different red wine vintages [ 14 , 15 ]. Changes in polyphenolic characteristics such as hue and color intensity have been noted in the same wine produced in different vintage years [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Differences in anthocyanin concentration and the color appearance were observed in the same cultivars planted in two areas in China with contrasting geographies and climates [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Hokkaido Red Wines on Vascular Outcomes in Healthy Adult Men: A Pilot Study

Charoenwoodhipong,

Holt,

Keen

et al. 2023

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Moderate red wine intake has been associated with lower cardiovascular mortality, due in part to the intake of polyphenols and anthocyanins, whose content can vary from varietal and year of harvest. This study assessed the vascular effects in response to a single intake of 2015 and 2018 Zweigelt red wines from Hokkaido, Japan. Healthy men were randomly assigned to consume 240 mL each of a red wine, or a sparkling white grape juice as a control in a randomized three-arm cross-over design with a 7 day washout between arms. The augmentation index (AI; a measure of arterial stiffness) and AI at 75 beats/min (AI75), reactive hyperemia index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively), and platelet reactivity were assessed at baseline and two and four hours after each beverage intake. Changes from the baseline were analyzed using a linear mixed model. Significant treatment effects (p = 0.02) were observed, with AI 13% lower after the intake of the 2015 or 2018 vintages compared to the control. Intake of the 2018 vintage reduced SBP and DBP (−4.1 mmHg and −5.6 mmHg, respectively; p = 0.02) compared to the 2015 wine and the control drink. The amount of hydroxytyrosol in the 2018 wine was almost twice the amount as in the 2015 wine, which may help explain the variable blood pressure results. Future studies exploring the vascular effects of the same red wine from different vintage years and different phenolic profiles are warranted.

show abstract

Impact of crop level and harvest date on anthocyanins and phenolics of red wines from Ontario

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Crop Level and Harvest Date Impact on Four Ontario Wine Grape Cultivars. II. Wine Aroma Compounds and Sensory Analysis

Crop Level and Harvest Date Impact on Four Ontario Wine Grape Cultivars. II. Wine Aroma Compounds and Sensory Analysis

Extended Harvest Date Alter Flavonoid Composition and Chromatic Characteristics of Plavac Mali (Vitis vinifera L.) Grape Berries

The Effect of Hokkaido Red Wines on Vascular Outcomes in Healthy Adult Men: A Pilot Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About