“…If the fitting in both probing cases is not possible, this indicates the need to modify the model, e.g., due to the formation of interface charges or dipoles from the synthesis process. 34 To extract the variation of the optical parameters of thin films on transparent substrates induced by a short pump pulse, we start by describing how the variation of the optical conductivity, σ̂= σ 1 + iσ 2 (or equivalently of the permittivity, ϵ= ϵ 1 + iϵ 2 or the refractive index n̂= n + ik) affects the probe reflection and transmission (see Supporting Information, section 1, for a discussion and definition of n, ϵ, and σ̂for 2D materials). Modeling this structure is necessary to obtain quantitative data from the measurements.…”