Impact of depositional and diagenetic controls on reservoir quality of syn-rift sedimentary systems: An example from Oligocene-Miocene Al Wajh Formation, northwest Saudi Arabia

Bello, Abdulwahab Muhammad; Butt, Muhammad Naveed; Hussain, Arif; Amao, Abduljamiu O.; Olariu, Cornel; Koeshidayatullah, Ardiansyah; Malik, Muhammad H.; Al-Hashem, Murtada; Al‐Ramadan, Khalid

doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2023.106342

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This indicates that the source of calcium carbonate for calcite cement in the reservoir mainly came from around the mudstone. Some diagenetic evolution processes in mudstone, such as conversion of smectite to illite, illitization of kaolinite, dissolution of K-feldspar, and maturation of kerogen, can provide the necessary ions for carbonate cement formation [16,[41][42][43][44]. Dissolution of carbonate from mudstone can diffuse into sandstone, which might further promote carbonate cementation near sandstone-mudrock contacts [39,45].…”

Section: Diagenesis Impact On Reservoir Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reservoir Characterization of Alluvial Glutenite in the Guantao Formation, Bohai Bay Basin, East China

Li,

You,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Minerals

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Alluvial glutenite reservoirs have obviously stronger heterogeneous and more complex control factors than sandstone reservoirs. Taking the Binxian Uplift area in the Boahi Bay Basin as an example, the aim of this study is to clarify the characteristics and control factors of the alluvial glutenite reservoir quality and the influence of reservoir properties on hydrocarbon accumulation. Pore types in the study area mainly include residual intergranular pores, intergranular dissolved pores, intragranular dissolved pores, and mold pores. The residual intergranular pores and intergranular dissolved pores are the main pore types. Most samples have porosity greater than 15% and permeability is mainly concentrated between 50 mD and 500 mD. It is shown that lithology type, microfacies, and diagenesis have significant impact on the reservoir quality. The reservoir qualities of very fine sandstone and fine sandstone are better than those of conglomerate and gravel-bearing sandstone. Instead of grain size, sorting affects the alluvial glutenite reservoir quality significantly. Oil-bearing samples commonly have sorting coefficient less than 2 while non-oil-bearing samples have sorting coefficient larger than 2. There are significant differences in reservoir physical properties of different sedimentary microfacies. The stream flow in mid-alluvial fan (SFMA) and braided channels outside alluvial fans (BCOA) have relatively weaker compaction and better reservoir quality than the overflow sand body (OFSB) and debris-flow in proximal alluvial fan (DFPA). Calcite cementation, the main cement in the study area, commonly developed at the base of SFMA and BCOA and near the sandstone-mudrock contacts. The source of calcium carbonate for calcite cement mainly came from around mudstone. High calcite cement content commonly results in low porosity and permeability. Individual glutenite thickness is also an important influencing factor on reservoir quality. Reservoirs with large thickness (>4 m) have high porosity and permeability. Dissolution occurred in the reservoir, forming secondary dissolution pores and improving reservoir quality. The dissolution fluid for formation of secondary pores is mainly meteoric waters instead of organic acid. The reservoir property has an important influence on hydrocarbon accumulation. The lower limit of physical properties of an effective reservoir is a porosity of 27% and permeability of 225 mD. The findings of this study can be utilized to predict the reservoir quality of alluvial glutenite reservoirs effectively in the Bohai Bay Basin and other similar basins.

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Section: Diagenesis Impact On Reservoir Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The various lithofacies, sedimentary microfacies, and diagenesis processes have significant impact on the quality of alluvial glutenite reservoirs [4,10,13,14]. Clarifying reservoir characteristics and assessing the role of depositional factors and diagenetic processes is critical to evaluate reservoir quality [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reservoir Characterization of Alluvial Glutenite in the Guantao Formation, Bohai Bay Basin, East China

Li,

You,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Minerals

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“…Reservoir pore development is influenced by various factors, including tectonism, sedimentary characteristics, diagenesis, and mineral composition. 6,[84][85][86][87] In this study area, the analysis identifies sedimentary environment, diagenesis, and mineral composition as the key factors impacting tight sandstone.…”

Section: Influencing Factors Of Pore Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore structure of tight sandstones with differing permeability: The He 8 Member of the Middle Permian Lower Shihezi Formation, Gaoqiao area, Ordos Basin

Chen,

Zhu,

Wang

et al. 2023

Energy Science & Engineering

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Tight sandstone has strong pore heterogeneity and complex pore structure, and the pore structure of tight sandstone varies with different permeability. To study the differences in the pore structure of tight sandstone with different permeability, this study investigated the tight sandstone of the He 8 Member in the Gaoqiao area of the Ordos Basin. Factors influencing pore formation are analyzed through experiments utilizing methods, such as distinguishing casting thin sections, scanning electron microscopy, high‐pressure mercury intrusion, and low‐temperature nitrogen adsorption. The results indicate that in this area, the pores of the tight sandstone are primarily dissolution and intercrystalline pores, with occasional intergranular pores and microcracks. Type Ⅱ samples (permeability > 0.2 × 10−3 μm2) are primarily composed of dissolution and intercrystalline pores, with a few visible intergranular and microcracks. In contrast, Type Ⅰ samples (permeability < 0.2 × 10−3 μm2) mainly consist of micropores and intercrystalline pores, where microcracks are observed locally. Pore size research demonstrates that Type Ⅰ samples have pore size under 1000 nm, with peaks primarily at 4–5 nm. There are also peaks between 10–1000 nm, but without a consistent pattern. For Type Ⅱ samples with sizes smaller than 1000 nm, pore distribution is evident. Peak values when the pore size exceeds 1000 nm. Type Ⅰ samples have fewer micron‐level pores, while Type Ⅱ samples are primarily dissolution pores. The nanopores of Type Ⅰ samples consist of flat pores with good connectivity, whereas those of Type Ⅱ samples are mainly blind pores with poor connectivity. Type Ⅰ samples have larger pore fractal dimensions, more intricate pore morphology, and rougher and irregular pore throat surfaces compared to Type II samples. Hence, the sedimentary environment, diagenesis, and mineral composition affect the pore distribution in tight sandstone. The research findings highlight the variations in the pore structure of tight sandstone with varying permeability, providing crucial guidance for classifying and assessing pore structure in tight sandstone reservoirs.

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“…They are considered favorable rocks for CO 2 storage and for assessing the effectiveness of hydrocarbon-displacing fluids because of their high permeability and porosity. , However, water-reactive clay minerals like illite, chlorite, and kaolinite could be volumetrically significant in sandstone formation. The increasing clay reactivity in an acidic environment due to CO 2 dissolution in formation brines and clay swelling in water presence can alter the petrophysical properties of the sandstone rock. − The stability of the clay minerals present in the sandstone rock can be achieved through rock firing, thus preventing the swelling of clay and migration of fines. It is also a process of ensuring that the number of variables that could influence the outcomes of core-flooding (displacement) experiments is minimized .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Rock Firing on the Wettability of Clay-Rich Sandstones

et al. 2023

Self Cite

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Rock firing is a conventional technique of core preparation to prevent clay swelling and fines migration in clay-rich rock; however, the influence of rock firing on the wetting behaviors and alterations of mineralogical compositions of clay-rich sandstones is not yet explicit. Thus, we assessed and compared the impacts of rock burning at two different temperatures (700 and 1100 °C) on the changes in wetting states of Bentheimer (BN) and clay-rich Bandera Gray (BG) sandstones through contact angle measurement, Amott wettability index determination, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results showed that rock firing makes the rocks more water-wet, but the clay-rich BG sandstone becomes significantly more water-wet than the quartz-dominated BN rock with increasing temperature. There was no change in rock porosity due to firing, but some clay remained, whereas some clays were transformed into other minerals after rock firing. Particularly, there were thermal transformations of clay to quartz and the disappearance of dolomite, chlorite, and clinochlore. Such transformation of these minerals into alkali metal oxide silicates dispersed on the rock matrix makes the surface more polar and enhances the interactions with water molecules, resulting in more water wettability for the BG sandstone. The study suggests that rock firing could change the clay-rich rock-wetting state into a more water-wet condition than the clay-poor or zero-clay sandstone samples; thus, the influence of rock burning on rock-wetting behavior should be considered to ensure an accurate prediction of the rock-wetting state due to rock burning. Moreover, burning at 1100 °C is recommended to achieve effective clay transformation and removal in clay-rich rock to prevent swelling, fines migration, and clay–fluid interactions.

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Impact of depositional and diagenetic controls on reservoir quality of syn-rift sedimentary systems: An example from Oligocene-Miocene Al Wajh Formation, northwest Saudi Arabia

Cited by 17 publications

References 56 publications

Reservoir Characterization of Alluvial Glutenite in the Guantao Formation, Bohai Bay Basin, East China

Reservoir Characterization of Alluvial Glutenite in the Guantao Formation, Bohai Bay Basin, East China

Pore structure of tight sandstones with differing permeability: The He 8 Member of the Middle Permian Lower Shihezi Formation, Gaoqiao area, Ordos Basin

Influence of Rock Firing on the Wettability of Clay-Rich Sandstones

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