Impact of Dietary Fats on Brain Functions

Chianese, Rosanna; Coccurello, Roberto; Viggiano, Andrea; Scafuro, Marika; Fiore, M.; Coppola, Giangennaro; Operto, Francesca Felicia; Fasano, Silvia; Layé, Sophie; Pierantoni, Riccardo; Meccariello, Rosaria

doi:10.2174/1570159x15666171017102547

Cited by 115 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 331 publications

(327 reference statements)

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“…The consumption of HFD lowers the expression of tight junctions in the intestinal epithelium, which has been associated with subsequent obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia in both human and animal models [1,2]. HFD could also adversely affect the brain by impairing cognitive functions or promoting depression-like symptoms [3][4][5]. Several animal studies have demonstrated that dietary shifts from HFD to a balanced diet could correct adverse effects resulted from HFD with permanent or transgenerational bene ts [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A potential probiotic- Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group: Evidence from the restoration of the dietary pattern from a high-fat diet

Chou

Huang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: High-fat diet (HFD) that contributes to obesity is one of the pivotal risk factors for metabolic syndrome and cancers. The dietary pattern can shape the intestinal bacterial community and influence the physiological parameters. This study aimed to investigate whether the short-term dietary pattern shift from HFD to a balanced chow diet (CD) could correct HFD-induced colonic dysbiosis and reverse adverse health effects and identify the specific bacteria that changed by dietary patterns. Results: C57BL/6 mice fed with an HFD for 10 months, followed by a CD for 3 months, served as the dietary shift model. Stool samples were collected for bacterial analysis. Physiological parameters, such as serum adipokines, blood lipid levels, and hepatic function, were monitored in control and dietary shift groups. HFD-induced weight gain was mitigated by the dietary shift. A highly similar structure at the phylum, genus, and species levels was observed in the beta diversity of colonic bacteria in mice that underwent the dietary shift as compared to those in the control group. Notably, the abundance of Peptococcaceae and Akkermansiaceae in HFD-fed mice reduced after the dietary shift; whereas the diminished amount of probiotic Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group in HFD-fed mice was restored to the level comparable to those in controls after the dietary shift. Conclusions: Our finding suggests that a dietary switch from a long-term HFD to a short-term balanced diet has the potential to correct colonic dysbiosis and restore physiological homeostasis. The Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group has the potential to be a probiotic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A potential probiotic- Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group: Evidence from the restoration of the dietary pattern from a high-fat diet

Chou

Huang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Excessive intake of fat in diets negatively affects brain and cardiovascular functions, and the metabolic disorders related to cerebral and cardiovascular systems are strongly correlated with mitochondrial dysfunction, responsible for the development of ischemic diseases in these tissues [ 6 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of high intensity interval training on neuro-cardiovascular dynamic changes and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by high-fat diet in rats

et al. 2020

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Background and aims Mitochondrial swelling is involved in the pathogenesis of many human diseases associated with oxidative stress including obesity. One of the strategies for prevention of deleterious effects related to obesity and overweight is engaging in regular physical activity, of which high intensity interval training (HIIT) is efficient in promoting biogenesis and improving the function of mitochondria. Therefore, our aims were to investigate the effects of HIIT on metabolic and neuro-cardiovascular dynamic control and mitochondrial swelling induced by high-fat diet (HFD). Methods and results Twenty-three male Wistar rats (60 – 80g) were divided into 4 subgroups: control (C), HIIT, HFD and HFD+HIIT. The whole experimentation period lasted for 22 weeks and HIIT sessions were performed 5 days a week during the last 4 weeks. At the end of the experiments, fasting glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed. Cerebral microcirculation was analyzed using cortical intravital microscopy for capillary diameter and functional density. Cardiac function and ergoespirometric parameters were also investigated. Mitochondrial swelling was evaluated on brain and heart extracts. HFD promoted an increase on body adiposity (p<0.001), fasting glucose levels (p<0.001), insulin resistance index (p<0.05), cardiac hypertrophy index (p<0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05), along with worsened cardiac function (p<0.05), reduced functional cerebral capillary density (p<0.05) and its diameter (p<0.01), and heart and brain mitochondrial function (p<0.001). HFD did not affect any ergoespirometric parameter. After 4 weeks of training, HIIT was able to improve cardiac hypertrophy index, diastolic blood pressure, cerebral functional capillary density (p<0.01) and heart and brain mitochondrial swelling (p<0.001). Conclusion In animals subjected to HFD, HIIT ameliorated both cerebral mitochondrial swelling and functional capillary density, but it did not improve cardiovascular function suggesting that the cardiovascular dysfunction elicited by HFD was not due to heart mitochondrial swelling.

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“…Within the context of specific dietary nutrients as determinants of the alterations of microbial communities and increased liability to NPDs, a special attention should be focused on a particular class of lipids derived from microbial metabolism and made of SCFAs. The processing of dietary nutrients by microbial metabolism generates a complex signaling system principally composed of SCFAs, L-tryptophan (Trp) metabolites and neuroactive agents [47,153,154]. Trp metabolism and neuroactive agents are also of key importance for the understanding of the relationship between MBC and risk of NPDs.…”

Section: Short Chain Fatty Acids and Microbiota Community: Implicatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Fatty Acids and Microbiota-Brain Communication in Neuropsychiatric Diseases

Marrone

Coccurello

2019

Biomolecules

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The gut-brain axis is a multimodal communication system along which immune, metabolic, autonomic, endocrine and enteric nervous signals can shape host physiology and determine liability, development and progression of a vast number of human diseases. Here, we broadly discussed the current knowledge about the either beneficial or deleterious impact of dietary fatty acids on microbiota-brain communication (MBC), and the multiple mechanisms by which different types of lipids can modify gut microbial ecosystem and contribute to the pathophysiology of major neuropsychiatric diseases (NPDs), such as schizophrenia (SCZ), depression and autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

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Impact of Dietary Fats on Brain Functions

Abstract: Despite the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms is still a work in progress, the clinical relevance of the manipulation of dietary fats is well acknowledged and such manipulations are in fact currently in use for the treatment of brain diseases.

Cited by 115 publications

References 331 publications

A potential probiotic- Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group: Evidence from the restoration of the dietary pattern from a high-fat diet

A potential probiotic- Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group: Evidence from the restoration of the dietary pattern from a high-fat diet

Effects of high intensity interval training on neuro-cardiovascular dynamic changes and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by high-fat diet in rats

Dietary Fatty Acids and Microbiota-Brain Communication in Neuropsychiatric Diseases

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