Impact of Dietary Vitamin D₃ Supplementation on Growth, Molting, Antioxidant Capability, and Immunity of Juvenile Chinese Mitten Crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) by Metabolites and Vitamin D Receptor

Abstract

), as an indispensable and fat-soluble nutrient, is associated with skeletal mineralization and health in mammals. However, such associations have not been well studied in economically important crustaceans. Six levels of vit-D 3 with isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were used to feed Eriocheir sinensis. The range of optimal vit-D 3 requirements is 5685.43−10,000 IU/kg based on growth. The crabs fed 9000 IU/kg vit-D 3 showed the best growth performance. This vit-D 3 dose significantly increased antioxidant capacity in the hepatopancreas and intestine and was optimal for molting and innate immunity via quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Transcriptomics analyses indicate that vit-D 3 could alter protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, steroid biosynthesis, and antigen processing and presentation. As shown by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, vit-D 3 could improve vitamin D receptor, retinoic acid receptor, and C-type lectins concentrations. The 1α,25-dihydroxy vit-D 3 content in serum was significantly higher in 3000−9000 IU/kg vit-D 3 . The study suggests that dietary vit-D 3 and its metabolites can regulate molting and innate immunity in crabs.

Vitamin D3 deficiency induced intestinal inflammatory response of turbot through nuclear factor-κB/inflammasome pathway, accompanied by the mutually exclusive apoptosis and autophagy

“…In addition, the in vivo results showed that VD 3 deficiency contributed to the reduced intestinal immune-related enzyme activities of ACP, ALP, and LYZ activities. These results showed that the deficiency of VD 3 in diet could induce intestinal enteritis of turbot, which was consistent with the previous studies that diets with sufficient VD 3 are the basis for maintaining intestinal immune function, and VD 3 deficiency provoked an intestinal inflammatory response in European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax L.) and Chinese mitten crabs ( 5 , 8 ).…”

“…Furthermore, VDR deletion in intestinal epithelial cells leads to the decreased expression of claudin 2 and 12 in the intestine of mice and intestinal cell line Caco-2 ( 15 ). In addition, the activation of the NF-κB pathway by VD 3 was also observed in juvenile Chinese mitten crabs ( Eriocheir sinensis ) that VD 3 might improve intestinal immunity via the VDR/TLR/MyD88/NF-κB pathway ( 5 ). However, whether VD 3 /VDR mediated intestinal barrier function and NF−κB signalling pathway involved in regulating intestinal inflammation is not comprehensively understood in the teleost.…”

“…In fish, the intestine is a major immune organ that provides a tight barrier against pathogenic infections and coexists with many commensal organisms while absorbing and metabolizing nutrients (1,2). The pathological process of enteritis in fish is closely associated with dysfunction of intestinal mucosal barriers, including the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, abnormal tight junction protein assembly, and decreased mucin secretion (3)(4)(5)(6). In a variety of nutrients that can enhance the intestinal health of aquatic animals, it has been widely proven that dietary vitamin D 3 (VD 3 ) could improve intestinal digestion and utilization of nutrients, alleviating intestinal inflammation (5,7,8).…”

“…The pathological process of enteritis in fish is closely associated with dysfunction of intestinal mucosal barriers, including the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, abnormal tight junction protein assembly, and decreased mucin secretion (3)(4)(5)(6). In a variety of nutrients that can enhance the intestinal health of aquatic animals, it has been widely proven that dietary vitamin D 3 (VD 3 ) could improve intestinal digestion and utilization of nutrients, alleviating intestinal inflammation (5,7,8). However, there is no existent for the autonomous synthesis of VD 3 in fish (9).…”

Exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of regeneration, anti-oxidation, anti-aging and the immune response at the post-molt stage of Eriocheir sinensis

“…Current research on the regulation of E. sinensis molting focuses mainly on the influence of external environmental factors and nutritional elements, including temperature, pH, vitamins, etc. ( Yu et al, 2018 ; Chen et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2020a ; Liu et al, 2021a ; Zhang et al, 2021 ). Moreover, the role of several regulatory genes such as V-ATPase subunit B (VATB), transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor (TGFBR1) and S6 kinase has also been studied ( Tian et al, 2019 ; Hou et al, 2020 ; Tian et al, 2020 ).…”