Impact of different immersive techniques on the perceived sense of presence measured via subjective scales

Yıldırım, Çağdaş; Bostan, Barbaros; Berkman, Mehmet İlker

doi:10.1016/j.entcom.2019.100308

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In order to assess the presence, we preferred to use MEC-SPQ (Measurements, Effects, Conditions-Spatial Presence Questionnaire) (Vorderer et al, 2004;Wirth, Vorderer, Hartmann, Klimmt, & Schramm, 2003), as previous studies demonstrated that it is more sensitive for detecting differences between different VEs (Ç. Yildirim, Bostan, & Berkman, 2019). Participants respond to MEC-SPQ items through a Likert scale, ranging from 1 (I do not agree at all) to 5 (I fully agree).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of VR and Desktop Game User Experience in a Puzzle Game: “Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes”

Berkman¹,

Çatak²,

Eremektar³

2020

AJIT-e

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Since the contemporary game production process is based on the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) applications, it is easier for developers to create multiple versions of their game for both VR and desktop platforms. This provided a great opportunity for researchers to conduct comparative studies to explore the user experience of the relatively novel virtual reality applications In this study, we evaluated a puzzle game through a within-subjects experiment design using objective measures of game success and gameplay duration, as well as plenty of subjective measures in order to assess game user experience, comparing desktop and VR. In addition to selected dimensions of GUESS (Game User Experience Satisfaction Scale), we employed MEC-SPQ (Measurement Effects Conditions - Spatial Presence Questionnaire) to measure presence. Furthermore, we employed NASA-TLX (NASA Task Load Index) to compare the perceived task complexity of the same task executed in VR and desktop gaming environments. Results revealed that there is not a significant difference in objective measures of player performance, comparing the VR and desktop gameplay. The Game User Experience Satisfaction Scale did not reveal any significant difference between the mean scores of VR and desktop experiences. The spatial presence related dimensions of MEC-SPQ revealed significantly higher scores of VR, for Possible Actions and Self Location dimensions. NASA-TLX weighted scores were significantly higher for VR in physical load and for desktop in frustration. Our results show that a puzzle-based game experienced in VR does not lead to a higher level of satisfaction in terms of game user experience but triggers a sense of spatial presence. Due to the different control schemes, players perceive that HMD based gameplay demands more physical task load. However, the gameplay duration and game success rate are not significantly different. The failure in desktop gameplay might have led to higher frustration, since the experience seems more familiar to players. Since the results are partially concordant with previous studies, it is not possible to make a strict conclusion on the effect caused by different immersive technologies on game user experience. Further studies are required through a more consistent methodology with a focus on game design components rather than game genre.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of VR and Desktop Game User Experience in a Puzzle Game: “Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes”

Berkman¹,

Çatak²,

Eremektar³

2020

AJIT-e

Self Cite

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“…Thus, in the current pilot study, we wanted to evaluate the feasibility of a memory assessment protocol based on 360° VEs. During the development of our experimental protocol, we took inspiration from a specific task included in a traditional test, the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test -III (RBMT-III) (Wilson et al 2008). This test was built following a function-led approach, including several "real life" tasks (e.g., recalling details of a story or remembering names and faces) which provide a valid and ecological testing of different aspects of everyday memory (Smith et al 2000;Efklides et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ObReco-360°: a new ecological tool to memory assessment using 360° immersive technology

et al. 2021

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One important feature of a neuropsychological test is its ecological validity, which defines how much patients’ test scores are linked to real-life functioning. However, many of the currently available neuropsychological tools show low to moderate levels of ecological validity. Virtual reality (VR) emerged as a possible solution that might enhance the ecological value of standard paper-and-pencil tests, thanks to the possibility of simulating realistic environments and situations where patients can behave as they do in real life. Moreover, a recent kind of virtual environments, the 360° spherical photos and videos, seems to guarantee high levels of graphical realism and lower technical complexity than standard VR, despite their limitations concerning interactive design. In this pilot study, we tested the possible application of 360° technology for the assessment of memory, developing an adaptation of a standardized test. We focused on Free Recall and Recognition accuracies as indexes of memory function, confronting and correlating the performances obtained by the participants in the standard and in the 360° test. The results, even if preliminary, support the use of 360° technology for enhancing the ecological value of standard memory assessment tests.

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“…In fact, contradictory results have been found in adults with regard to the relationship between immersion and sense of presence, with some studies reporting that immersion has no impact (Cummings and Bailenson 2016;North and North 2016;Yildirim et al 2019) and others that it has an impact on the sense of presence (Cadet and Chainay 2020;North and North 2016). Interestingly, Yildirim et al (2019) suggested that the inclusion of questions directly linked to immersion (e.g., questions on realism) in the questionnaires used to evaluate sense of presence may determine whether an impact of immersion on sense of presence is observed. In our previous study with young adults (Cadet and Chainay 2020), we demonstrated a higher sense of presence in the HMD than the computer-screen condition.…”

Section: Immersion Sense Of Presence and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory for a virtual reality experience in children and adults according to image quality, emotion, and sense of presence

2021

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Numerous studies have explored the effects of virtual reality (VR) on adults' cognition. Little is known, however, of these effects in children. The aim of this study was to explore, in both children and adults, the respective roles of the specific factors of VR, such as immersion, sense of presence and emotion, on memory performance. To do so, we used a head-mounted display to present a VR experience in which we manipulated immersion by varying 3D asset quality (High and Low) and emotion by presenting negative, neutral and positive stimuli. 48 adults (M age = 20.65) and 40 children (M age = 11.63) were both divided into two experimental groups (High vs. Low 3D model quality). Valence, arousal, and sense of presence were self-assessed by means of questionnaires, while memory of the presented stimuli was assessed using a free recall task. We also performed physiological measurements to provide objective support for our data. Results showed that memory performance was better for emotional than for neutral stimuli regardless of age group, even though children seemed to avoid looking at negative stimuli compared to neutral ones. Memory was predicted by arousal and presence in adults and only by arousal in children. Memory was not impaired by using poor image quality when highly arousing content was displayed. This study revealed that, contrary to adults, the use of poor image quality did not protect children from strong emotional experiences in VR. The roles of familiarity and arousal are discussed to help explain these results.

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Impact of different immersive techniques on the perceived sense of presence measured via subjective scales

Cited by 19 publications

References 39 publications

Comparison of VR and Desktop Game User Experience in a Puzzle Game: “Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes”

Comparison of VR and Desktop Game User Experience in a Puzzle Game: “Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes”

The ObReco-360°: a new ecological tool to memory assessment using 360° immersive technology

Memory for a virtual reality experience in children and adults according to image quality, emotion, and sense of presence

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