Impact of different omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) sources (flaxseed, Isochrysis galbana, fish oil and DHA Gold) on n-3 LC-PUFA enrichment (efficiency) in the egg yolk

Abstract

Four different omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) sources (flaxseed, Isochrysis galbana, fish oil and DHA Gold) were supplemented to the diet of laying hens in such a way that the same amount of extra n-3 PUFA (120 mg per 100 g feed) was added to the diet and enrichment of egg yolk with n-3 PUFA was monitored. The obtained n-3 long chain (LC)-PUFA enrichment was not as efficient for all n-3 PUFA sources. The lowest enrichment efficiency (≈6%) was observed when flaxseed (α-linolenic acid source) was supplemented. Drastically higher n-3 LC-PUFA enrichment efficiencies were observed with supplementation of the n-3 LC-PUFA sources. However, for the n-3 LC-PUFA sources (fish oil, Isochrysis galbana and DHA Gold) differences in enrichment efficiencies were observed (≈55%, ≈30% and ≈45%, respectively), this because of different bio-accessibility of the n-3 PUFA and different n-3 PUFA profiles of the three sources.

Effects of Fish Oil and Tomato Powder Supplementation in Mojosari Ducks Diet on Egg Quality

“…Fish oil contains omega-3 in the amount of 26.03% [1]. In another study, fish oil had higher enrichment of long chain omega-3 in the yolk compared to other source of dietary omega-3 such as flaxseed and marine algae [2]. However, fish oil is highly susceptible to oxidation, which may cause detrimental effect on egg quality.…”

Encapsulation of Long‐Chain n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Using Egg Yolk

“…It also provides nutrients with high biological values such as proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals (Huopalahti et al, 2007). One current approach to produce n-3 LC PUFASfortified eggs is to focus on dietary manipulation of the hen's feed (Coorey et al, 2015;Lemahieu et al, 2015;Moghadasian, 2008). n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAS), in the form of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), can be found in egg yolk and are particularly important due to their associated benefits to human health (Huopalahti et al, 2007).…”

“…Thus, there is a need to seek out alternatives to increase the content of these nutrients in eggs. One current approach to produce n-3 LC PUFASfortified eggs is to focus on dietary manipulation of the hen's feed (Coorey et al, 2015;Lemahieu et al, 2015;Moghadasian, 2008). This approach has increased the levels of alpha-linoleic acid (ALA) in the egg yolk.…”

Development of an LC‐MS/MS analytical method for the simultaneous measurement of aldehydes from polyunsaturated fatty acids degradation in animal feed

“…A good way to increase the amount of n-3 fatty acids in animal feed is to use linseed (also known as flax or Linum usitatissimum) for its high α-linolenic acid content (more than 50% of the fatty acids) [3,6,7] or fish oil and microalgae for their eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content. [8,9] Unfortunately, at these high polyunsaturated fatty acids levels there is rapid oxidation to other less desirous productsd [10][11][12] ; consequently, it is important to monitor this potential oxidation pathway in animal feed because it can lead to less polyunsaturated fatty acids in meat, milk, or eggs than expected. The formed aldehydes, including malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (4-HHE), crotonaldehyde (CRT), benzaldehyde (BNZ), hexanal (HXL), 2,4-nonadienal and 2,4-decadienal can be relatively stable and some of them have been shown to be cytotoxic and genotoxic by reacting with proteins and nucleic acids.…”