Impact of domestic and industrial effluent on marine environment at Karachi Port Trust (KPT) coastal area, Pakistan

Alamgir, Aamir; Khan, Moazzam Ali; Fatima, Noor; Fatima, Syeda Urooj

doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11875-6

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 57 publications

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“…Now, there are two high-grade highways running through the north and south along the route, and the ML-1 National Rail Transit runs through the north and south. The Karachi Port has a vast hinterland, smooth external transportation, abundant cargo sources, and meets development needs [14][15]…”

Section: ) Hinterland Advantagementioning

confidence: 99%

Ports, Cities, and Hinterlands: Historical Investigation of the Economic Relationship between Karachi and the Indus River Basin

2024

AJBM

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Karachi is the largest port in Pakistan, a key port in the China Pakistan Economic Corridor, and a major port in the Indus River basin. Its advantageous geographical location, vast hinterland, and superior port construction conditions have formed a certain scale effect. In the development process of Karachi Port, there are many problems such as limited spatial resources, prominent conflicts between the port and the city, and crowded collection and distribution channels. Based on the actual situation of Karachi Port, this article combined its development advantages and direction, and utilized the Karachi Port development pattern of "internal optimization, external connectivity, eastern connection, and western expansion" (Karachi Port not only needs waterway development, but also inland development, playing a true role in internal optimization and external connectivity). After adopting the method described in this article, the cargo throughput of Karachi Port was 5106.05 million tons; Kasim Port was 4806.32 million tons, and Gwadar Port was 207.63 million tons. The development mode and concept of this article have certain reference significance for similar ports and cities with prominent contradictions and insufficient collection and distribution capacity.

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Section: ) Hinterland Advantagementioning

confidence: 99%

Ports, Cities, and Hinterlands: Historical Investigation of the Economic Relationship between Karachi and the Indus River Basin

2024

AJBM

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Mangrove decline puts Pakistan’s coasts at risk

Bhatti,

Tang,

2023

Science

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Smart Monitoring Method for Land-Based Sources of Marine Outfalls Based on an Improved YOLOv8 Model

Zhao,

Zhou,

Yang

2024

Water

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Land-based sources of marine outfalls are a major source of marine pollution. The monitoring of land-based sources of marine outfalls is an important means for marine environmental protection and governance. Traditional on-site manual monitoring methods are inefficient, expensive, and constrained by geographic conditions. Satellite remote sensing spectral analysis methods can only identify pollutant plumes and are affected by discharge timing and cloud/fog interference. Therefore, we propose a smart monitoring method for land-based sources of marine outfalls based on an improved YOLOv8 model, using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This method can accurately identify and classify marine outfalls, offering high practical application value. Inspired by the sparse sampling method in compressed sensing, we incorporated a multi-scale dilated attention mechanism into the model and integrated dynamic snake convolutions into the C2f module. This approach enhanced the model’s detection capability for occluded and complex-feature targets while constraining the increase in computational load. Additionally, we proposed a new loss calculation method by combining Inner-IoU (Intersection over Union) and MPDIoU (IoU with Minimum Points Distance), which further improved the model’s regression speed and its ability to predict multi-scale targets. The final experimental results show that the improved model achieved an mAP50 (mean Average Precision at 50) of 87.0%, representing a 3.4% increase from the original model, effectively enabling the smart monitoring of land-based marine discharge outlets.

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Impact of domestic and industrial effluent on marine environment at Karachi Port Trust (KPT) coastal area, Pakistan

Cited by 3 publications

References 57 publications

Ports, Cities, and Hinterlands: Historical Investigation of the Economic Relationship between Karachi and the Indus River Basin

Ports, Cities, and Hinterlands: Historical Investigation of the Economic Relationship between Karachi and the Indus River Basin

Mangrove decline puts Pakistan’s coasts at risk

Smart Monitoring Method for Land-Based Sources of Marine Outfalls Based on an Improved YOLOv8 Model

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