Impact of Drinking Water Source and Sanitation Facility on Malnutrition Prevalence in Children under Three: A Gender-Disaggregated Analysis Using PDHS 2017–18

Abstract

Objectives: The proposed research studied the determinants of male and female child malnutrition in Pakistan. More specifically, it observed the role of the sanitation facility and drinking water source as important determinants of malnutrition in a gender analysis. Methods: Novel data of 1010 children under three years of age from PDHS 2017–18 were used. A CIAF (Cumulative Index for Anthropometric Failure) was established to assess malnourishment in the children. Discrete-choice logistic methodology was applied in this empirical research to study the likelihood of malnourishment in children. Results: The logistic regression results depicted that factors such as a child belonging to a deprived area, the status of home wealth, and the education of the mother were common determinants of malnutrition in children. Factors such as a child having diarrhea (OR = 1.55, CI = 0.96–2.50) and the drinking water source (OR = 0.62, CI = 0.37–1.03) were separate prominent predictors of malnutrition in male children whereas the sanitation facility was the main determinant of malnutrition in female children (OR = 0.64, CI = 0.43–0.95). Conclusion: This study concludes that important links exist between the drinking water source and male child malnutrition and between sanitation facilities and female child malnutrition.

Nutritional status and associated factors of attending schools children in Burkina Faso

“…These ndings are in line with the results of studies carried out in low-and middle-income countries by Black However, such an association was not proven in a study based on data from Niger and Lesotho (Oyekale, 2012). This can be justi ed by the fact that access to drinking water considerably reduces the occurrence of diarrheas diseases (Saheed et al, 2022). Also, children in the 5 to 10 age group are at greater risk of stunting.…”

PKM Terintegrasi MBKM Kolaborasi Nasional; “Kampung Bajo Sehat” di Desa Mekar Kecamatan Soropia, Kabupaten Konawe

“…Beberapa hasil studi telah dilaporkan dan menunjukkan bahwa Stunting pada anak usia 24-59 bulan telah dikaitkan dengan kualitas air yang buruk, aksesibilitas air, kurangnya sanitasi lingkungan, dan praktik kebersihan individu [2,8]. Ada hubungan penting antara sumber air minum dan gizi buruk anak laki-laki dan antara fasilitas sanitasi dan gizi buruk anak perempuan [9].…”

Improved Drinking Water, Healthier Children? Evidence from Pakistan

“…[ Figure 1] There is some empirical evidence at the individual or household level for a relationship between access to improved drinking water and child health outcomes in Pakistan (Murtaza et al, 2015;Saheed et al, 2021Saheed et al, , 2022Zahid, 2018). Murtaza et al (2015) found lack of clean water to be an important determinant of diarrhoea among Pakistani children.…”

“…In another study, Zahid (2018) find the impact of lack of clean water availability on the prevalence of water borne diseases in Pakistan. Similarly, two studies by Saheed et al (2021Saheed et al ( , 2022) examined household-level data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2017-18 and found a significant association between the household's drinking water source and child malnutrition. There is also some evidence for improvement in access to drinking water and children's later life outcomes in Pakistan.…”