Impact of Drought on the Spatial Pattern of Transmission of Schistosoma haematobium in Coastal Kenya

Mutuku, Francis; King, Charles H.; Bustinduy, Amaya L.; Mungai, Peter; Muchiri, Eric M.; Kitron, Uriel

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0186

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Striking inter-village differences were found for cytokine levels and morbidity outcomes, suggesting a clustering effect possibly related to geographical transmission patterns and nutritional and/or socioeconomic disparities. 16,17 This highlights the multi-dimensional approaches needed to understand schistosomiasis infection and disease in the context of other endemic parasitic infections, 18 and the social determinants of health that remain so far unexplored in this field. The unforeseen lack of association between schistosomiasis-associated morbidities (anemia, wasting, and stunting) and pro-inflammatory cytokines previously seen in other endemic settings 5,18,19 might be explained by the intrinsic plasma level variability of cytokine levels when compared with laboratory responses seen in antigen T-cell-stimulating assays performed in other studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Stratified Profiles of Serum IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α Cytokines Among Kenyan Children with Schistosoma haematobium, Plasmodium falciparum, and Other Chronic Parasitic Co-Infections

Bustinduy¹,

Sutherland²,

Chang-Cojulun³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. In a study of children having polyparasitic infections in a Schistosoma haematobium-endemic area, we examined the hypothesis that S. haematobium-positive children, compared with S. haematobium-negative children (antisoluble worm antigen preparation [SWAP] negative and egg negative) have increased systemic production of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) and decreased down-regulatory IL-10. A total of 804 children, 2-19 years of age, were surveyed between July and December 2009 and tested for S. haematobium, Plasmodium falciparum, filariasis, and soil-transmitted helminth infections. Plasma levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 were compared for S. haematobium-positive and S. haematobium-negative children, adjusting for malaria, filaria, and hookworm co-infections, and for nutritional status, age group, sex, and geographic location. IL-10 was significantly elevated among children infected with S. haematobium, showing bimodal peaks in 7-8 and 13-14 years age groups. IL-10 was also higher among children who were acutely malnourished, whereas IL-10 levels were lower in the presence of S. haematobium-filaria co-infection. After adjustment for co-factors, IL-6 was significantly elevated among children of 5-6 years and among those with P. falciparum infection. Lower levels of IL-6 were found in malaria-hookworm co-infection. High levels of TNF-α were found in children aged 11-12 years regardless of infection status. In addition, village of residence was a strong predictor of IL-6 and IL-10 plasma levels. In adolescent children infected with S. haematobium, there is an associated elevation in circulating IL-10 that may reduce the risk of later morbidity. Although we did not find a direct link between S. haematobium infection and circulating pro-inflammatory IL-6 and TNF-α levels, future T-cell stimulation studies may provide more conclusive linkages between infection and cytokine responses in settings that are endemic for multiple parasites and multiple co-infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Stratified Profiles of Serum IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α Cytokines Among Kenyan Children with Schistosoma haematobium, Plasmodium falciparum, and Other Chronic Parasitic Co-Infections

Bustinduy¹,

Sutherland²,

Chang-Cojulun³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…In the present study, we present our findings from four villages in coastal Kenya known to be coendemic for Schistosoma haematobium, STH, Plasmodium falciparum, and Wuchereria bancrofti. 1,[20][21][22][23][24] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Polyparasitic Infections on Anemia and Undernutrition among Kenyan Children Living in a Schistosoma haematobium-Endemic Area

Bustinduy

Parraga

Thomas

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. We measured prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium, Wuchereria bancrofti, Plasmodium falciparum, hookworm, and other geohelminths among school-aged children in four endemic villages in Kwale County, Kenya and explored the relationship between multiparasite burden, undernutrition, and anemia. In 2009-2010 surveys, cross-sectional data were obtained for 2,030 children 5-18 years old. Infections were most prevalent for S. haematobium (25-62%), hookworm (11-28%), and falciparum malaria (8-24%). Over one-half of children were anemic, with high rates of acute and chronic malnutrition. Associations with infection status showed significant age and sex differences. For boys, young age, low socioeconomic standing (SES), S. haematobium, and/or malaria infections were associated with greater odds of anemia, wasting, and/or stunting; for girls, heavy S. haematobium infection and age were the significant cofactors for anemia, whereas low SES and older age were linked to stunting. The broad overlap of infection-related causes for anemia and malnutrition and the high frequency of polyparasitic infections suggest that there will be significant advantages to integrated parasite control in this area.

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“…Infections are sustained by the high presence of Bulinus species of freshwater snails which are the vectors for S. haematobium [19]. Earlier studies reported a high prevalence of infection in the area; 33.4% [6], 18.2% [20], 43.2% [21], 32.4% [22] and 53.8%, [23]. Infection rate in the current study was significantly higher in women of younger age group 18-23 and 24-29 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Female Genital Schistosomiasis in Reproductive Tract of Women Attending Kwale Hospital in Kwale County, Kenya

Gitau

Muhoho

Kabiru

2017

IJTDH

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Background: Female genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) caused by Schistosoma haematobium is a significant public health problem among women living in endemic areas. An estimated 45 million women in sub-Saharan Africa are infected. Chronic infection is associated with bleeding disturbances, abdominal-pelvic pain, painful sexual intercourse, uterine fibroids, spontaneous abortion, cervical cancer and increased risk for transmission of HIV. Aim: To determine the infection rate, distribution pattern and associated genital pathology in S. haematobium infection among females of reproductive age in endemic area in Kwale County, Kenya. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional. Study Area: Kwale level four hospital. Study subjects came from the hospital catchment area. Methodology: Prevalence of S. haematobium was determined through urine filtration and Original Research Article

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Impact of Drought on the Spatial Pattern of Transmission of Schistosoma haematobium in Coastal Kenya

Cited by 26 publications

References 27 publications

Age-Stratified Profiles of Serum IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α Cytokines Among Kenyan Children with Schistosoma haematobium, Plasmodium falciparum, and Other Chronic Parasitic Co-Infections

Age-Stratified Profiles of Serum IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α Cytokines Among Kenyan Children with Schistosoma haematobium, Plasmodium falciparum, and Other Chronic Parasitic Co-Infections

Impact of Polyparasitic Infections on Anemia and Undernutrition among Kenyan Children Living in a Schistosoma haematobium-Endemic Area

Effects of Female Genital Schistosomiasis in Reproductive Tract of Women Attending Kwale Hospital in Kwale County, Kenya

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