Impact of Duffy antigen receptor for chemokine gene expression on mandibular bone density in menopausal women

Overview and potential unifying themes of the atypical chemokine receptor family

“…ACKR1, ACKR2, and ackr5 have been reported in some leukocyte subsets-B lymphocytes (ACKR1 [102] [117], whereas platelets express constitutively ACKR3 [118,119] and ACKR2 upon systemic sclerosis [120]. Under specific conditions, ACKRs are coexpressed with conventional counterparts on leukocytes and fine tune the chemokine system, also interfering with the activation of conventional chemokine receptors through direct competition for cognate ligands.…”

“…Differently from conventional counterparts, ACKRs are usually poorly expressed on cells of hematopoietic origin. ACKR1, ACKR2, and ackr5 have been reported in some leukocyte subsets-B lymphocytes (ACKR1 [102]; ACKR2 [24,76,[103][104][105][106]; ackr5 [35,39,42,47,107,108]) and alveolar macrophages (ACKR2 [109]), in particular-whereas data on ACKR3 and ACKR4 are currently controversial as a result of different techniques and protocol used and of the absence of specific tools (i.e., species-specific antibodies; ACKR3 [10-12, 54, 110-115]; ACKR4 [22,25,56,116]). ACKR1 is the only ACKR expressed on erythrocytes [117], whereas platelets express constitutively ACKR3 [118,119] and ACKR2 upon systemic sclerosis [120].…”