“…In other words, the increase in prices and wages is reflected in consumer prices. The modeling of exchange rate PT needs to use some macroeconomic factors such as inflation, inflation volatility, interest rate volatility, exchange rate volatility, the output gap, oil price growth, import price, export price, macroeconomic performance money supply and the degree of trade openness in the relevant literature (Junior, 2007;Chang and Tsong, 2010;Lin and Wu, 2012;Shah et al, 2017;Liming et al, 2019;Phuc and Duc, 2019). In addition to these factors, uncertainties are also included in the model in recent works (Balcilar et al, 2015;Roubaud and Arouri, 2018;Bartsch, 2019;Noria and Bush, 2019).…”