Impact of ectopic fat on brain structure and cognitive function: A systematic review and meta-analysis from observational studies

Song, Zhihui; Liu, Fei; Simó, Rafael; Zhang, Chao; Zhou, Jianbo

doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101082

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…On the other hand, immuno-metabolic dysregulation is expected to primarily affect brain structure through inflammatory processes triggered by obesity ( 91 ) which have the capacity to exert widespread cortical effects ( 34 ). Our findings of regional variation in increases or decreases of MRI-derived measures of gray matter structure mediated by the immuno-metabolic pathway coincide with previous studies independently linking immune ( 68 , 92 ) and metabolic dysregulation ( 93 ) to macroscopic brain structure. This suggests that inflammatory processes capable of modulating brain structure have consequences for neuronal health that vary on a region-by-region basis.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Childhood maltreatment influences adult brain structure through its effects on immune, metabolic, and psychosocial factors

Orellana,

Bethlehem,

Simpson-Kent

et al. 2024

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Childhood maltreatment (CM) leads to a lifelong susceptibility to mental ill-health which might be reflected by its effects on adult brain structure, perhaps indirectly mediated by its effects on adult metabolic, immune, and psychosocial systems. Indexing these systemic factors via body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP), and rates of adult trauma (AT), respectively, we tested three hypotheses: (H1) CM has direct or indirect effects on adult trauma, BMI, and CRP; (H2) adult trauma, BMI, and CRP are all independently related to adult brain structure; and (H3) childhood maltreatment has indirect effects on adult brain structure mediated in parallel by BMI, CRP, and AT. Using path analysis and data from N = 116,887 participants in UK Biobank, we find that CM is related to greater BMI and AT levels, and that these two variables mediate CM’s effects on CRP [H1]. Regression analyses on the UKB MRI subsample ( N = 21,738) revealed that greater CRP and BMI were both independently related to a spatially convergent pattern of cortical effects (Spearman’s ρ = 0.87) characterized by fronto-occipital increases and temporo-parietal reductions in thickness. Subcortically, BMI was associated with greater volume, AT with lower volume and CPR with effects in both directions [H2]. Finally, path models indicated that CM has indirect effects in a subset of brain regions mediated through its direct effects on BMI and AT and indirect effects on CRP [H3]. Results provide evidence that childhood maltreatment can influence brain structure decades after exposure by increasing individual risk toward adult trauma, obesity, and inflammation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Childhood maltreatment influences adult brain structure through its effects on immune, metabolic, and psychosocial factors

Orellana,

Bethlehem,

Simpson-Kent

et al. 2024

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Furthermore, aging is associated with the accumulation of ectopic fat, which is correlated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders [ 48 , 49 ]. Increased ectopic fat accumulation is associated with cognitive impairments, decreased total brain volume, and increased lateral ventricle volume [ 50 ]. In rodents fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), visceral adiposity links cerebrovascular rewiring to cognitive impairments [ 51 ].…”

Section: Adipokines As Mediators Between the Brain And Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuro-Adipokine Crosstalk in Alzheimer’s Disease

Chen,

Schneeberger

2024

IJMS

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The connection between body weight alterations and Alzheimer’s disease highlights the intricate relationship between the brain and adipose tissue in the context of neurological disorders. During midlife, weight gain increases the risk of cognitive decline and dementia, whereas in late life, weight gain becomes a protective factor. Despite their substantial impact on metabolism, the role of adipokines in the transition from healthy aging to neurological disorders remains largely unexplored. We aim to investigate how the adipose tissue milieu and the secreted adipokines are involved in the transition between biological and pathological aging, highlighting the bidirectional relationship between the brain and systemic metabolism. Understanding the function of these adipokines will allow us to identify biomarkers for early detection of Alzheimer’s disease and uncover novel therapeutic options.

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Development and validation of Galectin-3 and CVAI-based model for predicting cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes

Zhou,

Dai,

et al. 2024

J Endocrinol Invest

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Impact of ectopic fat on brain structure and cognitive function: A systematic review and meta-analysis from observational studies

Cited by 8 publications

References 79 publications

Childhood maltreatment influences adult brain structure through its effects on immune, metabolic, and psychosocial factors

Childhood maltreatment influences adult brain structure through its effects on immune, metabolic, and psychosocial factors

Neuro-Adipokine Crosstalk in Alzheimer’s Disease

Development and validation of Galectin-3 and CVAI-based model for predicting cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes

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