Impact of emergency medical helicopter service on mortality for trauma in north-east Italy A regional prospective audit

Impact of Interhospital Transfer on Outcomes for Trauma Patients: A Systematic Review

“…48 Similarly, although significantly higher unadjusted mortality for directly admitted patients was obtained in conventional analysis, Fatovich et al 49 found no significant differences in mortality between transfer and direct admissions after including deaths occurring at the sending hospital. The findings of these two studies are also consistent with that of Nardi et al 53 Although not eligible for inclusion in this systematic review, these authors observed that the majority of transfer patients died before or during transfer to a higher level center for definitive care. 53 In the absence of data on mortality outcomes for patients remaining at the sending hospitals, Cheddie et al excluded earlier deaths from their analysis to mitigate the potential impact of survivor bias.…”

“…The findings of these two studies are also consistent with that of Nardi et al 53 Although not eligible for inclusion in this systematic review, these authors observed that the majority of transfer patients died before or during transfer to a higher level center for definitive care. 53 In the absence of data on mortality outcomes for patients remaining at the sending hospitals, Cheddie et al excluded earlier deaths from their analysis to mitigate the potential impact of survivor bias. These authors found that the mortal- ity rate was higher in transfer patients after excluding early deaths (deaths before 12 hours), compared with no significant difference between the groups when all deaths were included in the analysis.…”

The Impact of Aeromedical Response to Patients With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

“…Multiple other investigators have since performed similar descriptive or pseudoexperimental studies, often using TRISS calculations with or without comparison to a ground cohort, most of which support the efficacy of aeromedical response to major trauma victims. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][34][35][36][37][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]47,[49][50][51][52] Biewener et al 48 performed a small cohort analysis comparing patients transported to a Level I trauma center by air to those transported to a Level II or III trauma center by ground. Improved outcomes were observed with immediate transport to a Level I trauma center by helicopter.…”

Impact of Helicopter Transport and Hospital Level on Mortality of Polytrauma Patients

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] This issue is without doubt an explosive one, because a missing superiority of HEMS compared with ground ambulances in combination with higher costs and potential safety risks could jeopardize the idea of using aeromedical evacuation at all.…”