Impact of Endodontic Instrumentation on Surface Roughness of Various Nickel-Titanium Rotary Files

Abstract

Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the surface roughness (SR) of various nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary endodontic instruments (ProTaper Next [PTN], WaveOne Gold [WOG], and ProTaper Gold [PTG]) before and after root canal instrumentation. Materials and Methods For each type (PTN, WOG, and PTG), the endodontic instrumentation was performed using extracted mandibular molar teeth’s curved mesial root canals (curvature: 20–40 degrees) after determining the working length. Each NiTi file was cleaned, and sterilized following preparation of four root canals and characterized for surface properties before and after endodontic instrumentation using a contact-mode three-dimensional surface profiler. The data were analyzed statistically using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for SR parameters including average surface roughness value (Sa), root mean square roughness (Sq), and peak to valley height (Sz). Results Preinstrumentation assessment revealed a significant difference for all the three SR variables (p < 0.05) for the cutting blade and the flute area. WOG instruments showed the highest SR values (p = 0.000). The postinstrumentation assessment revealed significant differences in SR values in the blade and the flute between the three groups (p < 0.05), with WOG and PTG exhibiting the highest values in the blade and flute sections, respectively. Conclusions The SR parameters of intact PTN, WOG, and PTG NiTi files vary and that was increased following the endodontic instrumentation.

A Comparative Study of Two Martensitic Alloy Systems in Endodontic Files Carried out by Unskilled Hands

“…In this study there were no fractured files. This result is in agreement with previous studies that state that martensitic phase alloys are more resistant to fractures in curved ducts [23,24,28].…”

“…In addressing the quality of endodontic teaching, dental schools have undergone changes to improve the teaching-learning process for students [13], specifically pre-clinical instrumentation practices. There are universities that continue to instruct in the stepback technique using steel files (K-files) [4,14] which, being more rigid, can lead to errors during the procedure [15,16]; on the contrary, other universities have chosen to teach undergraduate students to use rotary instrumentation with nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments [8,[17][18][19] because they allow the performance of RCTs to be achieved in a fast and predictable way [3,11,16,20,21], presenting lower complication rates [10,22] due to the fact that these rotary instruments cause fewer errors in the root canal preparation compared to manual files [23] because they are more flexible [24]. With NiTi instruments, it is possible to improve the student's experience in their preclinical training [10] because, by performing these treatments more quickly, the number of practice attempts is increased, and an increase in the repetition of a procedure has proven to be very useful in preparing students in the acquisition of acceptable preclinical skills that will translate into better preparation and the optimization of their future professional practices [4,11,22,25,26].…”

“…When it comes to selecting an ideal rotary instrument for inexperienced hands, there is a wide range available on the market today [24]. In the design of this type of files, there is great variability in terms of alloys, cross-sectional design, cutting edges, tapering, etc., in addition to the thermo-mechanical treatment of the NiTi alloy itself, which is carried out to optimize its microstructure and therefore its mechanical performance, giving it greater flexibility and resistance to fracture [23,27,28].…”

The Influence of NiTi Alloy on the Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Endodontic Files

“…Elanghy et al reported a statistically significant ( p < 0.001) higher cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper Next and ProTaper Gold compared to conventional NiTi alloys of TRUShape and ProTaper Universal NiTi endodontic rotary systems [ 46 ], and Uygun et al reported similar results when comparing ProFile Vortex Blue and ProTaper Next with the conventional NiTi alloy of ProTaper Universal [ 47 ]. These results agreed with those obtained in the present study and highlight the relevance of the alloying elements in the allotropic transformation of the crystalline structure of the NiTi alloy, which in turn influences the physical and mechanical properties of the endodontic rotary files [ 47 ]. Titanium is an allotropic metal which can present two crystalline structures: compact hexagonal (α or austenite) and body-centered cubic (β or martensite).…”

Fracture Incidence of Kedo-S Square Pediatric Rotary Files: A Prospective Clinical Study

“…Several studies have reported that it is conceivable to reuse the instruments. 8,10,12,13 Yared et al in a simulated clinical study found that up to four molar teeth could be prepared using the same rotary instrument without the fear of instrument fracture. 14 Parashos et al reported that the incidence of fracture of rotary instruments may indeed be lower than that for stainless steel manual files, and the reasons for fracture of rotary instruments are intricate and multifactorial.…”