Impact of endurance exercise on the heart of cyclists: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Wundersitz, Daniel; Gordon, Brett; Lavie, Carl J.; Nadurata, Voltaire; Kingsley, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2020.07.004

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…It is worth noting that exercise did not impact resting SVR or cardiac output, which may indicate functional adaptations of the vasculature (i.e., vasodilation). Furthermore, this may indicate changes in cardiac function, which have been previously reported to change both with respect to advancing gestation (2,35) and with exercise training (36). However, in the present study, cardiac output and SVR were determined using the model flow algorithm from the Finometer and are not validated in pregnancy (37); therefore, our interpretation of these data is limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Prenatal Exercise and Cardiovascular Health (PEACH) Study: Impact on Muscle Sympathetic Nerve (Re)Activity

Skow

Fraser

Steinback

et al. 2020

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Purpose: Women who develop gestational hypertension have evidence of elevated muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in early pregnancy, which continues to rise after diagnosis. Exercise has been shown to play a preventative role in the development of gestational hypertension and has been shown to reduce resting and reflex MSNA in nonpregnant populations. We sought to investigate whether aerobic exercise affected the sympathetic regulation of blood pressure between the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial of structured aerobic exercise (n = 31) compared with no intervention (control, n = 28) beginning at 16-20 wk and continuing until 34-36 wk of gestation (NCT02948439). Women in the exercise group were prescribed aerobic activity at 50%-70% of their heart rate reserve, on 3-4 d•wk −1 for 25-40 min with a 5-min warm-up and 5-min cool-down (i.e., up to 160 min total activity per week). At preintervention and postintervention assessments, data from ~10 min of quiet rest and a 3-min cold pressor test were analyzed to determine sympathetic nervous system activity and reactivity. Results: MSNA was obtained in 51% of assessments. Resting MSNA burst frequency and burst incidence increased across gestation (main effect of gestational age, P = 0.002). Neurovascular transduction was blunted in the control group (P = 0.024) but not in exercisers (P = 0.873) at the postintervention time point. Lastly, MSNA reactivity during the cold pressor test was not affected by gestational age or exercise (P = 0.790, interaction). Conclusions: These data show that exercise attenuates both the rise in MSNA and the blunting of neurovascular transduction. This may partially explain the lower risk of developing gestational hypertension in women who are active during their pregnancies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Prenatal Exercise and Cardiovascular Health (PEACH) Study: Impact on Muscle Sympathetic Nerve (Re)Activity

Skow

Fraser

Steinback

et al. 2020

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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“…Endurance sports involve prolonged periods of cardiovascular stress and an increase in aerobic capacity compared with anaerobic activity in weight lifting. Cardiac abnormalities have been seen in endurance cyclists when compared with other sports including increased heart size and end diastolic volume 10. Particular measurements to note include increased cardiac mass, interventricular septum diameter and posterior wall thickness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aortic dissection during endurance cycling

Murphy

2023

BMJ Case Rep

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An athletic man in his 40s was brought in to the emergency department by ambulance following a brief episode of central chest pain and dizziness five miles in to a ten mile stationary bike ride. Observations were normal at the scene and there were no ECG changes but he appeared unwell. Further assessment revealed no palpable right radial or brachial pulses and he complained of a severe right frontal headache. CT of the aorta showed an extensive type A dissection with a significantly dilated aortic root. Following emergency cardiothoracic surgery, he was found to have suffered cerebral hypoxia and died.

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“…There is a widespread agreement that ET elicits LV dilation with increased LV mass, LVEDV and LV end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), whereas neither concentric hypertrophy nor remodelling are now thought to be expressed in RT athletes [ 9 – 16 ]. Utomi et al have further supported this claim, finding that normal geometry was predominant in both ET and RT athletes with 30% of the ET athletes expressing eccentric hypertrophy [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it does recognise that some athletes undertaking specific endurance disciplines, such as cycling and rowing, have LV end-diastolic internal dimension (LVIDd) values in excess of 60 mm [ 4 ]. Wundersitz et al investigated this further using a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing cyclists to other disciplines of exercise [ 16 ], reporting that endurance cyclists were found to have significantly larger LVEDD than athletes of other categories [ 16 ]. However, these findings are in association with a larger heart relative to body size and therefore an increased incidence of diagnostic uncertainty between physiological and pathological adaptation [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wundersitz et al investigated this further using a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing cyclists to other disciplines of exercise [ 16 ], reporting that endurance cyclists were found to have significantly larger LVEDD than athletes of other categories [ 16 ]. However, these findings are in association with a larger heart relative to body size and therefore an increased incidence of diagnostic uncertainty between physiological and pathological adaptation [ 16 ]. These findings further support a sport specific response that should be considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The athlete’s heart: insights from echocardiography

Flanagan,

Cooper,

George

et al. 2023

Echo Res Pract

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The manifestations of the athlete’s heart can create diagnostic challenges during an echocardiographic assessment. The classifications of the morphological and functional changes induced by sport participation are often beyond ‘normal limits’ making it imperative to identify any overlap between pathology and normal physiology. The phenotype of the athlete’s heart is not exclusive to one chamber or function. Therefore, in this narrative review, we consider the effects of sporting discipline and training volume on the holistic athlete’s heart, as well as demographic factors including ethnicity, body size, sex, and age.

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Impact of endurance exercise on the heart of cyclists: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 7 publications

References 101 publications

Prenatal Exercise and Cardiovascular Health (PEACH) Study: Impact on Muscle Sympathetic Nerve (Re)Activity

Prenatal Exercise and Cardiovascular Health (PEACH) Study: Impact on Muscle Sympathetic Nerve (Re)Activity

Aortic dissection during endurance cycling

The athlete’s heart: insights from echocardiography

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