Impact of Engine Idling on Fuel Use and CO2 Emissions of Nonroad Diesel Construction Equipment

Lewis, Phil; Leming, Michael L.; Rasdorf, William

doi:10.1061/(asce)me.1943-5479.0000068

Cited by 71 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Operating time can be purely determined from the actual time of equipment working on the field, while load factor is identified as the ratio of the maximum utilizing power of the equipment engine when being operated, which includes the effects from idling, partial load, and transient operation [36,38]. Nevertheless, the existing model proposes the engine load factor as an average value from an empirical test in a laboratory that is highly correlated to specific equipment, construction activity, and site conditions [39]. As a result, using the average load factor may prevent transportation planners from having a realistic view about the emissions in a construction project.…”

Section: E = Ep X Ot X Ef X Lfmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Application of Discrete-Event Simulation in Estimating Emissions from Equipment Operations in Flexible Pavement Construction Projects

Limsawasd¹,

Athigakunagorn²

2017

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Abstract. This paper presents a comprehensive model with an application of discrete-event simulation (DES) that facilitates an estimation of CO2 emissions resulting from equipment operation in flexible pavement construction. While there are a number of past studies applying a DES technique to the construction process, they mostly concentrate on a single process rather than an entire project. The constructed model aims to improve the current body of knowledge in two aspects: (1) the development of a comprehensive construction operation diagram representing flexible pavement construction and (2) the application of DES that contributes to a more reliable result of the environmental impact. An application example of the real expressway project in Thailand was analyzed to demonstrate the use and capabilities of the developed model in evaluating the environmental impact in terms of CO2 emissions. The findings will provide a holistic environmental perspective to transportation planners and help them in analyzing their resource allocation in order to make the projects more eco-friendly.

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Section: E = Ep X Ot X Ef X Lfmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Application of Discrete-Event Simulation in Estimating Emissions from Equipment Operations in Flexible Pavement Construction Projects

Limsawasd¹,

Athigakunagorn²

2017

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“…The carbon emissions of the construction phase can be minimized through different approaches including optimizing the construction operations to reduce the idle time of equipment, selection of optimal equipment for a construction operation, optimizing the operation of equipment, and minimizing the on-site transport including both horizontal and vertical transport [105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112]. Among the different construction operations, earthmoving, concerting, and lifting operations have been identified as the primary contributors to carbon emissions in the construction phase [5,103,104].…”

Section: Construction Optimization Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the NONROAD model, an average load factor, which accounts for idling and partial loading, is used. The LFs used for common construction equipment include 0.21 for backhoes and 0.59 for bulldozers, excavators, motor graders, off-road trucks, track loaders, and wheel loaders [105,139]. The OFFROAD model, developed by the California Air Resources Board (CARB), estimates the emissions caused by the operation of non-road vehicles in the state of California [140].…”

Section: Construction Carbon Due To Equipment Operationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation and Minimization of Embodied Carbon of Buildings: A Review

2017

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Building and construction is responsible for up to 30% of annual global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, commonly reported in carbon equivalent unit. Carbon emissions are incurred in all stages of a building's life cycle and are generally categorised into operating carbon and embodied carbon, each making varying contributions to the life cycle carbon depending on the building's characteristics. With recent advances in reducing the operating carbon of buildings, the available literature indicates a clear shift in attention towards investigating strategies to minimize embodied carbon. However, minimizing the embodied carbon of buildings is challenging and requires evaluating the effects of embodied carbon reduction strategies on the emissions incurred in different life cycle phases, as well as the operating carbon of the building. In this paper, the available literature on strategies for reducing the embodied carbon of buildings, as well as methods for estimating the embodied carbon of buildings, is reviewed and the strengths and weaknesses of each method are highlighted.

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“…Lewis investigated the effect of engine attributes including engine mode and engine size on emissions [7]. In NONROAD and OFFROAD emission models, three factors of engine size, average load factor and fuelemission ratio were introduced as main affecting factors on emissions [6,9]. Barati and Shen investigated the effect of acceleration, payload, speed and road slope as operational parameters for emission modelling of onroad construction equipment [12].…”

Section: Affecting Parameters On Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…California Air Resources Board (CARB) developed OFFROAD model to estimate the emissions of non-road construction equipment in the California State. This model predicts five main GHG pollutants emitted from 94 machineries (17 categories) annually by considering engine power, annual activity and fuel-emission parameters [9]. URBEMIS is a project-level emission model developed by Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District (SMAQMD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions Modelling of Earthmoving Equipment

Barati¹,

Shen²

2016

Proceedings of the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC)

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Earthmoving operations produce high amount of emissions and are one of the main sources of air pollutants in construction and mining industries. Modelling and quantifying the emissions produced by earthmoving equipment is the first step for developing emissions reduction schemes. Currently, emissions of construction and mining equipment are mainly estimated through simulation or laboratory tests which may not represent the real-world situations. This paper presents a comprehensive methodology to predict emission rates of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) of earthmoving equipment by considering operation modes and engine attributes. The developed framework includes three main processes of instrumentation, data collection and data analysis. Two instruments of portable emission measurement system (PEMS) and GPS aided inertial navigation system (GPS-INS) are proposed for conducting field experiments and collecting emission rates and operational parameters. Further, site observation is conducted to estimate the cycle time and time ratio of operation modes. An exploratory analysis method is then developed to process the gathered data and model emissions at operation and equipment level. The applicability of the developed methodology is finally verified through experimenting and modelling emissions of one loader and one excavator.

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Impact of Engine Idling on Fuel Use and CO2 Emissions of Nonroad Diesel Construction Equipment

Cited by 71 publications

References 14 publications

An Application of Discrete-Event Simulation in Estimating Emissions from Equipment Operations in Flexible Pavement Construction Projects

An Application of Discrete-Event Simulation in Estimating Emissions from Equipment Operations in Flexible Pavement Construction Projects

Estimation and Minimization of Embodied Carbon of Buildings: A Review

Emissions Modelling of Earthmoving Equipment

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