Impact of environmental and individual factors on COVID-19 mortality in children and adolescents in Mexico: An observational study

Sánchez‐Piedra, Carlos; Gamiño-Arroyo, Ana Estela; Cruz-Cruz, Copytzy; Prado-Galbarro, Francisco Javier

doi:10.1016/j.lana.2022.100184

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Our national epidemiology data from children and adolescents with COVID-19 in Mexico for the 2 years of the pandemic, showed a clear increase in the incidence with age and a low mortality rate. Adolescents showed the highest incidence, similar to a previous report in Mexico [ 15 ]. In the HIMFG, COVID-19 cases were slightly higher in boys than in girls, similar to other epidemiological studies [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The population with obesity had a 3.1 times higher risk of being hospitalized and 1.4 times higher risk of having severe illness during hospitalization [ 31 ]. Similarly, a recent study from Mexico found an association between obesity and a worse COVID-19 prognosis [ 15 ]. It must be emphasized that Mexico has the highest prevalence of overweight children and adolescents globally; therefore, it is essential to pay attention to these patients with COVID-19 [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In the HIMFG, immunosuppression, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and asthma had the highest incidence in patients with COVID-19. In Mexico, obesity in children is very common and strongly related to COVID-19 and severe illness [ 15 ]. In this population, underlying conditions such as asthma and obesity were also associated with severe COVID-19 [ 11 , 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, our data were collected from a single tertiary pediatric care hospital in Mexico. Third, we did not analyze the sociodemographic data regarding ethnicity, education, and parents’ income, which were associated with COVID-19 outcomes in an early study from Mexico [ 15 ]. Fourth, a selection bias in the patients reported resulted from the study being conducted in a tertiary pediatric care hospital for managing patients with COVID-19, which is also a referral hospital for patients with different comorbidities.…”

Section: Strengths and Weaknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Mexican Children and Adolescents

Flores-Alanis

Saldaña-Ahuactzi

Parra-Ortega

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Background: We analyzed the demographic, clinical, and diagnostic data of children and adolescents in Mexico, from the first case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to 28 February 2022. Methods: Using the open databases of the Ministry of Health and a tertiary pediatric hospital, we obtained demographic and clinical data from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic until 28 February 2022. In addition, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction outputs were used to determine the viral load, and structural protein-based serology was performed to evaluate IgG antibody levels. Results: Of the total 437,832 children and adolescents with COVID-19, 1187 died. Of these patients, 1349 were admitted to the Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, and 11 died. Obesity, asthma, and immunosuppression were the main comorbidities, and fever, cough, and headache were the main symptoms. In this population, many patients have a low viral load and IgG antibody levels. Conclusion: During the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico, children and adolescents had low incidence and mortality. They are a heterogeneous population, but many patients had comorbidities such as obesity, asthma, and immunosuppression; symptoms such as fever, cough, and headache; and low viral load and IgG antibodies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strengths and Weaknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Mexican Children and Adolescents

Flores-Alanis

Saldaña-Ahuactzi

Parra-Ortega

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“… 3 Although children and adolescents account for a minority of cases, and have more favourable disease outcomes, some develop severe acute clinical conditions 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 with hospitalization rates varying from 2·5% to 4·1% 7 , 8 , 9 and case fatality rates (CFR) up to 8% of hospitalized children and adolescents. 10 However, the epidemiology and risk factors for disease severity in children are not fully elucidated and whether incidence and outcomes are associated with social determinants of health (SDH), 6 , 11 particularly from low- and middle-income countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial clusters, social determinants of health and risk of COVID-19 mortality in Brazilian children and adolescents: A nationwide population-based ecological study

Santos

Siqueira

Atienzar

et al. 2022

The Lancet Regional Health - Americas

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Risk Factors for Pediatric Critical COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Aparicio,

Willis,

Nakamura

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Risk stratification is a cornerstone of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society COVID-19 treatment guidance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to define the clinical characteristics and comorbidities associated with critical COVID-19 in children and adolescents. Methods: Two independent reviewers screened the literature (Medline and EMBASE) for studies published through August 2023 that reported outcome data on patients aged 21 years or younger with COVID-19. Critical disease was defined as an invasive mechanical ventilation requirement, intensive care unit admission, or death. Random effects models were used to estimate pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and heterogeneity was explored through subgroup analyses. Results: Among 10,178 articles, 136 studies met the inclusion criteria for review. Data from 70 studies, which collectively examined 172,165 children and adolescents with COVID-19, were pooled for meta-analysis. In previously healthy children, the absolute risk of critical disease from COVID-19 was 4% (95% CI, 1%-10%). Compared with no comorbidities, the pooled OR for critical disease was 3.95 (95% CI, 2.78-5.63) for presence of one comorbidity and 9.51 (95% CI, 5.62-16.06) for ≥2 comorbidities. Key risk factors included cardiovascular and neurological disorders, chronic pulmonary conditions (excluding asthma), diabetes, obesity, and immunocompromise, all with statistically significant ORs >2.00. Conclusions: While the absolute risk for critical COVID-19 in children and adolescents without underlying health conditions is relatively low, the presence of one or more comorbidities was associated with markedly increased risk. These findings support the importance of risk stratification in tailoring pediatric COVID-19 management.

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Impact of environmental and individual factors on COVID-19 mortality in children and adolescents in Mexico: An observational study

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Mexican Children and Adolescents

Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Mexican Children and Adolescents

Spatial clusters, social determinants of health and risk of COVID-19 mortality in Brazilian children and adolescents: A nationwide population-based ecological study

Risk Factors for Pediatric Critical COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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